“…As shown in Figure 5, if f (t) is an ECG signal 2 , then it is more obvious to observe the change of the evolution pattern from R 0 (f )(t) than from f (t), e.g., the change of the height of R peaks and the width of QRS and S waves. In many applications [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13], a signal would be a superposition of several MIMFs, for example, a complex signal…”