Removal of COVID-19 Spike Protein, Whole Virus, Exosomes, and Exosomal MicroRNAs by the Hemopurifier® Lectin-Affinity Cartridge in Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19 Infection

Amundson, Dennis E.; Shah, Usman S.; Necochea-Campion, Rosalia de; Jacobs, Michael E.; LaRosa, Steven P.; Fisher, Charles J.

doi:10.3389/fmed.2021.744141

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Some variability was observed with the greatest binding observed for the Brazilian P.1 variant and current Omicron variant and the lowest observed for the Delta variant AY.1 ("Delta Plus"). This data correlates with the in vivo data with the adult Hemopurifier where a COVID-19 patient experienced a 58% reduction in plasma viral load following a single 6-hour treatment [4].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…The Aethlon Hemopurifier® device contains an affinity resin containing Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) that binds to alpha 1,3 mannose groups in enveloped viruses [ 3 ]. It has been previously demonstrated that the Aethlon Hemopurifier®, an extracorporeal device that contains the GNA affinity resin, binds and removes SARS-CoV-2 from the circulation in vivo [ 4 ]. As the mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 should not affect mannosylation in the viral envelope, we hypothesized that the GNA affinity resin should have similar binding to the major variants causing clinical disease over the past two years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Removal of clinically relevant SARS-CoV-2 variants by an affinity resin containing Galanthus nivalis agglutinin

et al. 2022

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The Coronavirus -19 (COVID-19) pandemic due to the SARS-CoV-2 virus has now exceeded two years in duration. The pandemic has been characterized by the development of a succession of variants containing mutations in the spike protein affecting infectiousness, virulence and efficacy of vaccines and monoclonal antibodies. Resistance to vaccination and limitations in the current treatments available require the ongoing development of therapies especially for those with severe disease. The plant lectin Galanthus nivalis binds to mannose structures in the viral envelope. We hypothesized that viral binding should be unaffected by spike protein mutations. Known concentrations of seven clinically relevant SARS-CoV-2 variants were spiked in medium and passed three times over columns containing 1 gm of GNA affinity resin. Percent decrease in viral titer was compared with a control sample. Viral capture efficiency was found to range from 53 to 89% for all variants. Extrapolation indicated that an adult Aethlon Hemopurifier® would have more than sufficient binding capacity for viral loads observed in adult patients with severe COVID-19 infection.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of clinically relevant SARS-CoV-2 variants by an affinity resin containing Galanthus nivalis agglutinin

et al. 2022

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“…This adsorbent protein is bound to the extra-capillary space of the filter, where pathogen is immobilized after filtration through 200-nm pores. Data to support the use of Hemopurifier are currently limited to in vitro studies; small safety studies; and case reports in patients with hepatitis C, Ebola, and COVID-19 [165][166][167][168]. A planned prospective trial (NCT04595903) in COVID-19 patients was recently terminated due to inadequate enrollment.…”

Section: Proceedings Of the 2022 Crrt Academymentioning

confidence: 99%

Proceedings of the 2022 UAB CRRT Academy: Non-Invasive Hemodynamic Monitoring to Guide Fluid Removal with CRRT and Proliferation of Extracorporeal Blood Purification Devices

Teixeira,

Zeidman,

Beaubien-Souligny

et al. 2023

Blood Purif

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In 2022, we celebrated the 15th anniversary of the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT) Academy, a 2-day conference attended yearly by an international audience of over 100 nephrology, critical care, and multidisciplinary trainees and practitioners. This year, we introduce the proceedings of the UAB CRRT Academy, a yearly review of select emerging topics in the field of critical care nephrology that feature prominently in the conference. First, we review the rapidly evolving field of non-invasive hemodynamic monitoring and its potential to guide fluid removal by renal replacement therapy (RRT). We begin by summarizing the accumulating data associating fluid overload with harm in critical illness and the potential for harm from end-organ hypoperfusion caused by excessive fluid removal with RRT, underscoring the importance of accurate, dynamic assessment of volume status. We describe four applications of point-of-care ultrasound used to identify patients in need of urgent fluid removal or likely to tolerate fluid removal: lung ultrasound, inferior vena cava ultrasound, venous excess ultrasonography, and Doppler of the left ventricular outflow track to estimate stroke volume. We briefly introduce other minimally invasive hemodynamic monitoring technologies before concluding that additional prospective data are urgently needed to adapt these technologies to the specific task of fluid removal by RRT and to learn how best to integrate them into practical fluid-management strategies. Second, we focus on the growth of novel extracorporeal blood purification devices, starting with brief reviews of the inflammatory underpinnings of multiorgan dysfunction and the specific applications of pathogen, endotoxin, and/or cytokine removal and immunomodulation. Finally, we review a series of specific adsorptive technologies, several of which have seen substantial clinical use during the COVID-19 pandemic, describing their mechanisms of target removal, the limited existing data supporting their efficacy, ongoing and future studies, and the need for additional prospective trials.

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“…The effects of plant lectins on other pathogenic enveloped viruses have been more scarcely investigated. Plant lectins were identified as blocking agents for the entry of IV [45,52,57], HSV [57], HCMV [47,53,54], EBOV [47,48], LASV [47], and the coronaviruses MERS-CoV [51], SARS-CoV [42,51,54,62,63,104], and SARS-CoV-2 [50][51][52]58,60,61,66] in their corresponding host cells. However, depending on the viruses, the envelope glycoprotein(s) targeted by plant lectins are extremely diverse as mentioned in Table 2.…”

Section: How Can the Infectivity Of Pathogenic Enveloped Viruses Be Affected By Lectins?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Legume Lectins with Different Specificities as Potential Glycan Probes for Pathogenic Enveloped Viruses

Barre

Damme

Klonjkowski

et al. 2022

Cells

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Pathogenic enveloped viruses are covered with a glycan shield that provides a dual function: the glycan structures contribute to virus protection as well as host cell recognition. The three classical types of N-glycans, in particular complex glycans, high-mannose glycans, and hybrid glycans, together with some O-glycans, participate in the glycan shield of the Ebola virus, influenza virus, human cytomegalovirus, herpes virus, human immunodeficiency virus, Lassa virus, and MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2, which are responsible for respiratory syndromes. The glycans are linked to glycoproteins that occur as metastable prefusion glycoproteins on the surface of infectious virions such as gp120 of HIV, hemagglutinin of influenza, or spike proteins of beta-coronaviruses. Plant lectins with different carbohydrate-binding specificities and, especially, mannose-specific lectins from the Vicieae tribe, such as pea lectin and lentil lectin, can be used as glycan probes for targeting the glycan shield because of their specific interaction with the α1,6-fucosylated core Man3GlcNAc2, which predominantly occurs in complex and hybrid glycans. Other plant lectins with Neu5Ac specificity or GalNAc/T/Tn specificity can also serve as potential glycan probes for the often sialylated complex glycans and truncated O-glycans, respectively, which are abundantly distributed in the glycan shield of enveloped viruses. The biomedical and therapeutical potential of plant lectins as antiviral drugs is discussed.

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Removal of COVID-19 Spike Protein, Whole Virus, Exosomes, and Exosomal MicroRNAs by the Hemopurifier® Lectin-Affinity Cartridge in Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19 Infection

Cited by 15 publications

References 24 publications

Removal of clinically relevant SARS-CoV-2 variants by an affinity resin containing Galanthus nivalis agglutinin

Removal of clinically relevant SARS-CoV-2 variants by an affinity resin containing Galanthus nivalis agglutinin

Proceedings of the 2022 UAB CRRT Academy: Non-Invasive Hemodynamic Monitoring to Guide Fluid Removal with CRRT and Proliferation of Extracorporeal Blood Purification Devices

Legume Lectins with Different Specificities as Potential Glycan Probes for Pathogenic Enveloped Viruses

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