“…Researchers are currently exploring various methods to address contaminant removal, including ion exchange, biochar, reverse osmosis, adsorption, and a selective capacitive removal technology employing electro-adsorption or capacitive deionization. ,,,,, This work examined the adsorption method, using magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) particles as the adsorbent. Adsorption is efficient, simple, and produces less byproducts than methods such as membrane filtration, ion exchange, and chemical precipitation. ,,, Fe 3 O 4 is inexpensive, already exists in the environment, and has several favorable characteristics including biocompatibility, magnetic susceptibility, and an easily modified surface. ,,,,− Magnetic properties allow for easy and efficient collection, reducing chemicals needed for removal and decreasing the production of secondary pollutants. ,, Additionally, Fe 3 O 4 can effectively capture anions and cations across a range of pH values. ,,,, Further, Fe 3 O 4 has demonstrated potential in applications such as magnetic inks, MRI contrast agents, and water treatment. − …”