Removal of Cyanobacteria and Cyanotoxins by Conventional Physical‐chemical Treatment

Teixeira, Margarida Ribau; Rosa, Maria João; Sorlini, Sabrina; Biasibetti, Michela; Christophoridis, Christophoros; Edwards, Christine

doi:10.1002/9781118928677.ch3

Cited by 7 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 123 publications

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“…The removal of cyanobacteria biomass is commonly achieved by sedimentation or dissolved air flotation (DAF), with the latter being found more effective because the floating capacity of aggregated colonies and cells improves that process [ 194 ]. In DAF, fine air micro-bubbles are introduced to the liquid phase.…”

Section: Drinking/potable Water Treatment—removal Of Cyanobacteria and Their Toxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An efficient DAF process requires particle coagulation that destabilizes them by neutralizing their negative charge and changes their hydrophilicity [ 195 , 196 ]. The concentrated cyanobacterial biomass in the form of dense sludge needs special attention because cell lysis is accompanied by the release of intracellular toxins prior and during sludge storage and treatment [ 194 ]. Therefore, the disposal of sludge containing cyanotoxins must confirm the absence of residual toxicity and comply with regional legislation concerning toxic wastes.…”

Section: Drinking/potable Water Treatment—removal Of Cyanobacteria and Their Toxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cyanobacterial Harmful Algal Blooms in Aquatic Ecosystems: A Comprehensive Outlook on Current and Emerging Mitigation and Control Approaches

Sukenik

2021

Microorganisms

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An intensification of toxic cyanobacteria blooms has occurred over the last three decades, severely affecting coastal and lake water quality in many parts of the world. Extensive research is being conducted in an attempt to gain a better understanding of the driving forces that alter the ecological balance in water bodies and of the biological role of the secondary metabolites, toxins included, produced by the cyanobacteria. In the long-term, such knowledge may help to develop the needed procedures to restore the phytoplankton community to the pre-toxic blooms era. In the short-term, the mission of the scientific community is to develop novel approaches to mitigate the blooms and thereby restore the ability of affected communities to enjoy coastal and lake waters. Here, we critically review some of the recently proposed, currently leading, and potentially emerging mitigation approaches in-lake novel methodologies and applications relevant to drinking-water treatment.

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Section: Drinking/potable Water Treatment—removal Of Cyanobacteria and Their Toxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Drinking/potable Water Treatment—removal Of Cyanobacteria and Their Toxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyanobacterial Harmful Algal Blooms in Aquatic Ecosystems: A Comprehensive Outlook on Current and Emerging Mitigation and Control Approaches

Sukenik

2021

Microorganisms

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“…In recent years, cyanotoxins have been the subject of many studies, because they are soluble in water and pass through the conventional system that use common treatment adsorbents and, therefore, this type of treatment is unlikely to provide an efficient elimination of cyanotoxins. It is commonly understood that in most species, most toxins remain within healthy cells and are only released in lysis, which can be a consequence of natural senescence, changes in environmental conditions or during corrective practices, such as the use of algaecide in the process treatment (Teixeira, et al, 2020).…”

Section: Cyanotoxins and Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular oxidative stress stimulated by microcystin: review

Oliveira

Silva

2021

RSD

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Introduction: Cyanobacteria are organisms capable of producing a high number of bioactive molecules, known as cyanotoxins. Among the cyanotoxins, microcystins stand out, compounds with hepatotoxic potential. Studies claim that the most common and most toxic isoform among microcystins is microcystin-LR. One of the most frequently detected properties of microcystins is their ability to generate cellular oxidative stress. Thus, the present study is a bibliographic research about the biochemical mechanism of free radical generation caused by Microcystin LR. Methodology: for the preparation of this review, a survey was carried out in the national and international literature. The inclusion criteria for the construction of this work were original and review articles that addressed the ability of microcystin LR to generate oxidative damage. Results: Once they enter the body, microcystins accumulate in the liver, so that toxicity is associated with specific inhibition of protein phosphatase 1 and 2A (PP1 and PP2A), leading to disruption of cell integrity. Studies prove that MCs produce oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo and that they can act as tumor promoters. Conclusion: there is a possible relationship between cellular oxidative stress caused by microcystin. Thus, cyanobacterial blooms represent a threat to the health of several animals, including man, however, further studies on the topic addressed are needed.

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“…Very often, these steps are cross-linked and supplied by processes such as sedimentation and flocculation. Physical removal includes the adsorption by effective sorbents (usually activated carbon) and the application of several filtration techniques [47,48]. Conventional sand filtration may be sufficient, but could also enhance the release of high concentrations of MCs into treated water [49,50].…”

Section: Conventional Strategies Of Microcystin Removalmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Biochar and Pyrolysed Materials to Improve Water Quality through Microcystin Sorption Separation

Frišták

Laughinghouse

Bell

2020

Water

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Harmful algal blooms have increased globally with warming of aquatic environments and increased eutrophication. Proliferation of cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) and the subsequent flux of toxic extracellular microcystins present threats to public and ecosystem health and challenges for remediation and management. Although methods exist, there is currently a need for more environmentally friendly and economically and technologically feasible sorbents. Biochar has been proposed in this regard because of its high porosity, chemical stability, and notable sorption efficiency for removing of cyanotoxins. In light of worsening cyanobacterial blooms and recent research advances, this review provides a timely assessment of microcystin removal strategies focusing on the most pertinent chemical and physical sorbent properties responsible for effective removal of various pollutants from wastewater, liquid wastes, and aqueous solutions. The pyrolysis process is then evaluated for the first time as a method for sorbent production for microcystin removal, considering the suitability and sorption efficiencies of pyrolysed materials and biochar. Inefficiencies and high costs of conventional methods can be avoided through the use of pyrolysis. The significant potential of biochar for microcystin removal is determined by feedstock type, pyrolysis conditions, and the physiochemical properties produced. This review informs future research and development of pyrolysed materials for the treatment of microcystin contaminated aquatic environments.

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Removal of Cyanobacteria and Cyanotoxins by Conventional Physical‐chemical Treatment

Cited by 7 publications

References 123 publications

Cyanobacterial Harmful Algal Blooms in Aquatic Ecosystems: A Comprehensive Outlook on Current and Emerging Mitigation and Control Approaches

Cyanobacterial Harmful Algal Blooms in Aquatic Ecosystems: A Comprehensive Outlook on Current and Emerging Mitigation and Control Approaches

Cellular oxidative stress stimulated by microcystin: review

The Use of Biochar and Pyrolysed Materials to Improve Water Quality through Microcystin Sorption Separation

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