Removal of Heavy Metals and Metalloids from Water Using Drinking Water Treatment Residuals as Adsorbents: A Review

Wołowiec, Magdalena; Komorowska-Kaufman, Małgorzata; Pruss, Alina; Rzepa, Grzegorz; Bajda, Tomasz

doi:10.3390/min9080487

Cited by 172 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 81 publications

(123 reference statements)

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“…There are various methods for dealing with heavy metal pollution in groundwater resources. These could be pumped and treated [6], be absorbed [7] by various kinds of absorbents [8], captured by nanoparticles [9] in micromixers [10,11], and removed by more natural solutions like wetlands [12]. However, implementing any remedy measure needs sufficient understanding of the situation and reliable inclusive assessment of the potential risk.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Heavy Metal Content and Modified Water Quality Index to Assess Groundwater Quality in a Semiarid Area

Maskooni

Naseri-Rad

Berndtsson

et al. 2020

Water

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Groundwater is a major source of drinking and agricultural water supply in arid and semiarid regions. Poor groundwater quality can be a threat to human health especially when it is combined with hazardous pollutants like heavy metals. In this study, an innovative method involving entropy weighted groundwater quality index for both physicochemical and heavy metal content was used for a semiarid region. The entropy weighted index was used to assess the groundwater’s suitability for drinking and irrigation purposes. Thus, groundwater from 19 sampling sites was used for analyses of physicochemical properties (electrical conductivity—EC, pH, K+, Ca2+, Na+, SO42−, Cl−, HCO3−, TDS, NO3−, F−, biochemical oxygen demand—BOD, dissolved oxygen—DO, and chemical oxygen demand—COD) and heavy metal content (As, Ca, Sb, Se, Zn, Cu, Ba, Mn, and Cr). To evaluate the overall pollution status in the region, heavy metal indices such as the modified heavy metal pollution index (m-HPI), heavy metal evaluation index (HEI), Nemerow index (NeI), and ecological risks of heavy metals (ERI) were calculated and compared. The results showed that Cd concentration plays a significant role in negatively affecting the groundwater quality. Thus, three wells were classified as poor water quality and not acceptable for drinking water supply. The maximum concentration of heavy metals such as Cd, Se, and Sb was higher than permissible limits by the World Health Organization (WHO) standards. However, all wells except one were suitable for agricultural purposes. The advantage of the innovative entropy weighted groundwater quality index for both physicochemical and heavy metal content, is that it permits objectivity when selecting the weights and reduces the error that may be caused by subjectivity. Thus, the new index can be used by groundwater managers and policymakers to better decide the water’s suitability for consumption.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Heavy Metal Content and Modified Water Quality Index to Assess Groundwater Quality in a Semiarid Area

Maskooni

Naseri-Rad

Berndtsson

et al. 2020

Water

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“…Moreover, they are also non-degradable and persistent. Several methods have been explored to remove heavy metals from contaminated water, such as chemical precipitation, ion exchange, adsorption, reverse osmosis, solvent extraction and electrochemical treatment [36,37].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon-Bonded Alumina Filters Coated by Graphene Oxide for Water Treatment

et al. 2020

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The aim of this paper is to prepare nano-functionalized ceramic foam filters from carbon-bonded alumina. The carbon-bonded filters were produced via the Schwartzwalder process using a two-step approach. The prepared ceramic foam filters were further coated using graphene oxide. Graphene oxide was prepared by the modified Tour method. The C/O of the graphene oxide ratio was evaluated by XPS, EDS and elemental analysis (EA). The amount and type of individual oxygen functionalities were characterized by XPS and Raman spectroscopy. The microstructure was studied by TEM, and XRD was used to evaluate the interlayer distance. In the next step, filters were coated by graphene oxide using dip-coating. After drying, the prepared composite filters were used for the purification of the water containing lead, zinc and cadmium ions. The efficiency of the sorption was very high, suggesting the potential use of these materials for the treatment of wastewater from heavy metals.

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“…Alternatives involving the encapsulation of sludge as a part of construction materials have been proposed, such as the incorporation of tailings from lead mine washing plants in ceramics for bricks [6], the use of gold mine tailings as cement mortar [7,8], and the preparation of high-porosity bricks by utilizing red mud and mine tailings [9]. Some recovery alternatives for the synthesis of chemicals for the retention of metal contaminants have been reported, such as the use of residuals from drinking water treatment as an adsorbent for the retention of phosphorus compounds [10], for metal removal from electroplating wastewater effluent [11], or the adsorption of heavy metal ions by porous material prepared with silicate tailings [12]. The recovery of metal components present in sludge includes the production of iron-based secondary raw material from bauxite tailings and red muds [13] and gold recovery from mining waste by thiosulphate leaching [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Waste to Catalyst: Synthesis of Catalysts from Sewage Sludge of the Mining, Steel, and Petroleum Industries

et al. 2020

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The generation of sewage sludge presents a problem for several manufacturing companies as it results from industrial processes or effluent treatment systems. The treatment of this type of waste requires high economic investment, for this reason, it is necessary to find alternatives to recover the valuable materials of the sludges. In this study, metal catalysts were synthesized using waste sludge from the steel, mining, and hydrocarbon industries. The waste sludge was subjected to thermal treatments for the removal of organic content and the reduction of metals with hydrogen current to activate their catalytic properties. The sludge and synthesized catalysts were analyzed to determine their physical, chemical, thermoenergetic, and catalytic properties. Catalytic activity was evaluated using CO chemisorption and by thermal–catalytic decomposition of crude oil. The best conditions for synthesizing the catalysts were a calcination temperature between 300 and 500 °C and a reduction temperature between 300 and 900 °C. The catalysts presented a specific surface between 2.33 and 16.78 m2/g. The catalytic material had a heat capacity between 0.7 and 1.2 kJ/kg∙K. The synthesized materials presented catalytic activity comparable to that of commercial catalysts. With this recovery technique, the industrial waste can be valorized, obtaining catalyst derived from the sludges and promoting the circular economy of manufacturing companies.

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Removal of Heavy Metals and Metalloids from Water Using Drinking Water Treatment Residuals as Adsorbents: A Review

Cited by 172 publications

References 81 publications

Use of Heavy Metal Content and Modified Water Quality Index to Assess Groundwater Quality in a Semiarid Area

Use of Heavy Metal Content and Modified Water Quality Index to Assess Groundwater Quality in a Semiarid Area

Carbon-Bonded Alumina Filters Coated by Graphene Oxide for Water Treatment

Waste to Catalyst: Synthesis of Catalysts from Sewage Sludge of the Mining, Steel, and Petroleum Industries

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