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The design of multi-purpose decontaminants with environmentally friendly characteristics, low cost, and high efficiency in removing pollutants from the environment is an effective and economic strategy for maintaining the long-term development of the ecosystem. Based on the strategy of killing two birds with one stone, an egg white (EW)/TiO2 hydrogel with a porous structure is devised as a bio-adsorbent using waste eggs nearing their expiration date for simultaneously achieving the efficient removal of organic dyes and the inactivation of microorganisms from industrial wastewater. The characterizations of its morphology and composition using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) theory, energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) validate the successful synthesis of EW/TiO2. The maximum adsorption capacity of EW/TiO2 is 333.172 mg∙mL−1 according to the Langmuir model. The photodegradation of a methyl blue (MB) solution under irradiation via a xenon lamp is used to assess the photocatalytic behavior of EW/TiO2. Among the different samples, the 5 wt% TiO2-doped EW/TiO2 hydrogel shows an efficiency of 99% for 120 min of irradiation. Finally, the antibacterial properties of the EW/TiO2 hydrogel are evaluated by calculating its bacterial survival rate against Escherichia coli (E. coli). The EW/TiO2 photocatalyst exhibits a photocatalytic inactivation efficiency of 90.4%, indicating that the EW/TiO2 hydrogel possesses positive antibacterial activity via effectively inhibiting the growth of the bacteria, which is suitable for industrial wastewater treatment over a long period of time.
The design of multi-purpose decontaminants with environmentally friendly characteristics, low cost, and high efficiency in removing pollutants from the environment is an effective and economic strategy for maintaining the long-term development of the ecosystem. Based on the strategy of killing two birds with one stone, an egg white (EW)/TiO2 hydrogel with a porous structure is devised as a bio-adsorbent using waste eggs nearing their expiration date for simultaneously achieving the efficient removal of organic dyes and the inactivation of microorganisms from industrial wastewater. The characterizations of its morphology and composition using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) theory, energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) validate the successful synthesis of EW/TiO2. The maximum adsorption capacity of EW/TiO2 is 333.172 mg∙mL−1 according to the Langmuir model. The photodegradation of a methyl blue (MB) solution under irradiation via a xenon lamp is used to assess the photocatalytic behavior of EW/TiO2. Among the different samples, the 5 wt% TiO2-doped EW/TiO2 hydrogel shows an efficiency of 99% for 120 min of irradiation. Finally, the antibacterial properties of the EW/TiO2 hydrogel are evaluated by calculating its bacterial survival rate against Escherichia coli (E. coli). The EW/TiO2 photocatalyst exhibits a photocatalytic inactivation efficiency of 90.4%, indicating that the EW/TiO2 hydrogel possesses positive antibacterial activity via effectively inhibiting the growth of the bacteria, which is suitable for industrial wastewater treatment over a long period of time.
In terms of environmental protection and the sustainable development of society, the constraint of dye concentrations in industrial wastewater is vitally important for the development of every country. In this study, egg white protein (EWP)–soybean protein isolate (SPI) hierarchical-network hydrogel beads reinforced with calcium alginate are devised using a one-step chemical crosslinking. The prepared EWP/SPI beads, with a specific surface area of 26.55 m2∙g−1, possess a self-floating ability that enhances their solid–liquid separation of methylene blue (MB) from industrial sewage and achieves adsorption equilibrium within 60 min. The investigation of adsorption behavior indicates that the results fitted well with the Langmuir isotherm mode and pseudo-first-order kinetic model. Based on the pseudo-first-order kinetic model and the Langmuir model, the equilibrium adsorption capacity and maximum adsorption capacity of the EWP/SPI hydrogel beads towards MB are 187.495 and 336.265 mg∙g−1, respectively. Furthermore, the favorable regeneration of the EWP/SPI hydrogel is demonstrated, with a removal efficiency towards MB decreasing from 94% to 82% (10 mg dose, 100 mg∙L−1 MB, pH 7, 25 °C) after five adsorption–desorption cycles. The resulting EWP/SPI hydrogel beads with hydrophilicity exhibited good self-floating stability (above 80%) in wastewater for 7 days, suggesting their potential for recycling in diverse complex environments. Therefore, the inexpensive and sustainable floating EWP/SPI hydrogel beads provide a new insight for organic pollutant treatment in wastewater.
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