Removal of Heavy Metals from Industrial Wastewaters: A Review

Azimi, Arezoo; Azari, Ahmad; Rezakazemi, Mashallah; Ansarpour, Meisam

doi:10.1002/cben.201600010

Cited by 950 publications

(406 citation statements)

References 283 publications

(306 reference statements)

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“…Specifically, pH impacts the surface attributes of the sorbent, and the dye chemistry; thus ultimately the dye adsorption. Solution pH also controls the degree of sorbent protonation, thereby influencing the specific charge of binding sites and eventually the sorption performance of the sorbent . In general, at acidic conditions (low pH) favor anionic dye sorption.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biosorption is a phenomenon describing the passive take‐up of toxic pollutants by dead/inactive biological matters or biological material derivatives. Mechanisms for contaminant remediation by biosorption are usually single or combination of the following; physical adsorption, complexation, ion exchange, micro‐precipitation and chelation process . The biosorbents for dye are generally derived from the following fungi, bacteria, agricultural wastes, industrial wastes, algae and other polysaccharide sorbents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Critical Insight into Biomass Derived Biosorbent for Bioremediation of Dyes

et al. 2019

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Organic pollutants, such as dyes released during industrial operations are one of the major reasons for the degradation of water quality. However, treatment technologies to remediate these high volumes of wastewaters are often not sufficient. Hence, the excess dye wastewater generated is usually discharged without prior treatment. The use of adsorbents such as activated carbon is widely employed to separate dye molecules from wastewater. Biochar is a popular recent alternative for the treatment of dye‐bearing effluents to selectively isolate dye molecules. Biochar is normally manufactured in the oxygen free environment by thermal degradation of organic materials. On the other hand, dyes are extensively employed in many textile industries because of their desirable properties including attractive colour, water‐fast and easy application methods. Nevertheless, during the dyeing process of cellulose fibres around half of the applied dyes may enter the wash water, and these let outs are highly resistant to traditional wastewater treatment methods. Henceforth, new techniques need to be applied for successful remediation of dye wastewaters. In this perspective, an endeavor has been made in this work to explore the possibility and practicability of biochar as sorbent material for dyes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Critical Insight into Biomass Derived Biosorbent for Bioremediation of Dyes

et al. 2019

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] To minimize the amount of toxic ions in the environment, various approaches have been explored to remove these toxic ions from industrial effluents or water resources, including chemical precipitation, [8][9][10] electrochemical treatments, [11][12][13] ion exchange, 14,15 adsorption, [16][17][18] and so forth. Most heavy metal ions are toxic and constitute a serious health threat for humans and other species when existing in water, even at very low concentrations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer brushes on graphene oxide for efficient adsorption of heavy metal ions from water

Liu

Ding

Chi

et al. 2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The pollution of heavy metal ions in water poses a serious threat to human being and ecosystems. Here, we report polyamidoxime (PAO) brush grafted graphene oxide (GO) as a highly efficient adsorbent for extraction of toxic metal cations from water. Surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization was used to grow polyacrylonitrile (PAN) brushes on GO, followed by conversion of the nitrile groups in PAN into amidoxime groups, which had high binding affinity toward heavy metal cations. The PAO brush grafted GO demonstrated significantly fast adsorption kinetics and large adsorption capacity. At optimal pH 5, the PAO brush grafted GO can achieve maximum adsorption capacities of 116.7 mg g −1 for Pb(II), 258.6 mg g −1 for Ag(I), 192.2 mg g −1 for Cu(II), and 167.9 mg g −1 for Fe(III), which were significantly larger than those of small molecule functionalized GO. Mechanism analysis suggested that the enhanced adsorption performance was due to the myriads of functional groups in PAO brushes that were easily accessible to metal ions because of the swelling of the polymer brushes in water.

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“…Moreover, the membranes offer lower operational and maintenance costs. So far, membranes have been used for various applications in gas and liquid separation such as gas purification, hydrogen purification,[11,] natural gas sweetening, water desalination, pervaporation, and bioseparation . Application of membranes for the specific process depends on the type of media, process conditions, and costs .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of Nonporous Polymeric Membranes Using CFD for Bioethanol Purification

Asadollahzadeh

Raoufi

Rezakazemi

et al. 2018

Macro Theory & Simulations

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A mechanistic model is developed to simulate ethanol purification using membrane technology. In the considered process, a feed solution containing 10 wt% water + 90 wt% ethanol is contacted with a polymeric dense membrane in a pervaporation system. The membrane selectively separates water from solution in order to purify the ethanol. In the development of the model, it is assumed that the water is the main penetrant through the membrane due to the hydrophilicity of membrane material. The mass fraction of water molecules in the feed solution, as well as membrane, is estimated using Maxwell–Stefan approach. The governing equations are then solved using finite element method in order to predict mass fraction, mass transfer flux, and velocity of the solution in the membrane module. The results indicate that the model can predict the formation of concentration and velocity boundary layer in the feed solution near the membrane/feed interface. Moreover, the developed model is robust and reliable in the understanding of membrane separation processes applicable for dehydration of alcohols.

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Removal of Heavy Metals from Industrial Wastewaters: A Review

Cited by 950 publications

References 283 publications

A Critical Insight into Biomass Derived Biosorbent for Bioremediation of Dyes

A Critical Insight into Biomass Derived Biosorbent for Bioremediation of Dyes

Polymer brushes on graphene oxide for efficient adsorption of heavy metal ions from water

Simulation of Nonporous Polymeric Membranes Using CFD for Bioethanol Purification

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