Removal of human enteric viruses by a full-scale membrane bioreactor during municipal wastewater processing

Simmons, F.; Kuo, David H.-W.; Xagoraraki, Irene

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2011.02.001

Cited by 136 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Under optimal conditions, as detailed in Section 6, MBR systems can also reliably remove various viruses and phages. For example, Kuo et al [36] reported 4.1-5.6 log removals for human adenoviruses, whereas Simmons et al [45] reported that removal efficiencies could reach 6.3, 6.8, and 4.8 logs for human adenoviruses, enteroviruses, and noroviruses, respectively. Cicek et al [46], in their investigation into the use of an MBR to reclaim wastewater, studied the efficiency of an inorganic Al2O3-TiO2 ceramic membrane for the treatment of a synthetic wastewater [46].…”

Section: Overview Of Pathogen Removal By Membrane Bioreactormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…bacterial indicators were more efficiently removed than coliphages, which were more efficiently removed than enterovirus and norovirus genomes. Similarly, while looking at the removal of human enteric viruses from a full scale MBR plant, Simmons et al [45] found that compared to human adenovirus (5.5 log removal), human enterovirus (5.1 log removal) and norovirus (3.9 log removal) were removed with lower efficiencies. In a study by Hirani et al [51] the log removal of total and faecal coliform varied from 5.8 to 6.9 and 5.5 to 6.0, respectively, showing some impact of the indicator organism chosen on the perceived bacteria removal efficiency.…”

Section: Case-specific Suitability Of Indicatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Removal of Pathogens by Membrane Bioreactors: A Review of the Mechanisms, Influencing Factors and Reduction in Chemical Disinfectant Dosing

Hai

Riley

Shawkat

et al. 2014

Water

110

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Abstract:The continued depletion of fresh drinking water resources throughout the world has increased the need for a variety of water treatment and recycling strategies. Conventional wastewater treatment processes rely on extensive chemical post-disinfection to comply with the stringent microbiological safety for water reuse. When well designed and operated, membrane bioreactors (MBRs) can consistently achieve efficient removals of suspended solids, protozoa and coliform bacteria. Under optimal conditions, MBR systems can also significantly remove various viruses and phages. This paper provides an in-depth overview of the mechanisms and influencing factors of pathogen removal by MBR and highlights practical issues, such as reduced chemical disinfectant dosing requirements and associated economic and environmental benefits. Special attention has been paid to the aspects, such as membrane cleaning, membrane imperfections/breach and microbial regrowth, in the distribution system on the overall pathogen removal performance of MBR.

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Section: Overview Of Pathogen Removal By Membrane Bioreactormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Case-specific Suitability Of Indicatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of Pathogens by Membrane Bioreactors: A Review of the Mechanisms, Influencing Factors and Reduction in Chemical Disinfectant Dosing

Hai

Riley

Shawkat

et al. 2014

Water

110

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In recent years, MBR technology has emerged as an alternative to conventional activated sludge treatment (van Nieuwenhuijzen et al, 2008). In part this is because activated sludge effluents have been shown to contain levels of enteric organisms that may pose an unacceptable hazard to human health, particularly when indirect or even direct reuse (for potable or non-potable uses) is proposed (Koivunen and Heinonen-Tanski, 2005;Simmons and Xagoraraki, 2011;Zhang and Farahbakhsh, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteriophage removal in a full-scale membrane bioreactor (MBR) – Implications for wastewater reuse

et al. 2015

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The aim of this study was to assess the potential removal efficacy of enteric viruses in a fullscale membrane bioreactor (MBR) wastewater reuse system, using a range of indigenous and 'spiked' bacteriophages (phages) of known size and morphology. Samples were taken each week for three months from nine locations at each treatment stage of the water recycling plant (WRP) and tested for a range of microbiological parameters (n=135). Mean levels of faecal coliforms were reduced to 0.3 CFU/ 100ml in the MBR product and were undetected in samples taken after the chlorination stage. A relatively large reduction (5.3 log) in somatic coliphages was also observed following MBR treatment. However, F-RNA and humanspecific (GB124) phages were less abundant at all stages, and demonstrated log reductions post-MBR of 3.5 and 3.8, respectively. In 'spiking' experiments, free-swimming 'spiked' phages (MS2 and B14) displayed post-MBR log reductions of 2.25 and 2.30, respectively.The removal of these 'free-swimming' phages, which are smaller than the membrane pore size (0.04 µm), also highlights the possible role of the membrane biofilm as an effective additional barrier to virus transmission. The findings from this study of a full-scale MBR

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“…Enteroviruses are resilient organisms, able to survive drastic changes in temperature and pH [6,38]. Enteroviruses have been detected in both raw and treated sewages [5,[39][40][41][42][43][44]. Studies on removal efficiencies at wastewater treatment plants, based on real-time PCR, showed that enteroviruses are more resistant to treatment than other enteric viruses (adenoviruses and noroviruses) [5].…”

Section: Enterovirusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies on removal efficiencies at wastewater treatment plants, based on real-time PCR, showed that enteroviruses are more resistant to treatment than other enteric viruses (adenoviruses and noroviruses) [5]. Moreover, live virions have been detect-HeAltH rIsks from wAter AnD new cHAllenges for tHe future ed in treated waters through infectivity assays, pointing to potential public health risks [5,40]. The occurrence of enteroviruses in coastal waters in both bathing and non-bathing sites is documented worldwide [45][46][47][48][49][50].…”

Section: Enterovirusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging and potentially emerging viruses in water environments

Rosa

Fratini

Libera

et al. 2012

Annali Dell'Istituto Superiore Di Sanità

112

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Abstract. Among microorganisms, viruses are best fit to become emerging pathogens since they are able to adapt not only by mutation but also through recombination and reassortment and can thus become able to infect new hosts and to adjust to new environments. Enteric viruses are among the commonest and most hazardous waterborne pathogens, causing both sporadic and outbreak-related illness. The main health effect associated with enteric viruses is gastrointestinal illness, but they can also cause respiratory symptoms, conjunctivitis, hepatitis, central nervous system infections, and chronic diseases. Non-enteric viruses, such as respiratory and epitheliotrophic viruses are not considered waterborne, as they are not readily transmitted to water sources from infected individuals. The present review will focus on viral pathogens shown to be transmitted through water. It will also provide an overview of viruses that had not been a concern for waterborne transmission in the past, but that may represent potentially emerging waterborne pathogens due to their occurrence and persistence in water environments.Key words: viruses, waterborne, emerging, drinking water, recreational water. Riassunto (Infezioni emergenti e potenzialmente emergenti in ambienti acquatici).I virus sono tra i principali agenti di infezioni emergenti, in quanto sono in grado di acquisire nuove caratteristiche biologiche attraverso fenomeni di mutazione, ricombinazione e riassortimento genico, adattandosi così a nuovi ospiti e nuove nicchie ecologiche. I virus enterici sono tra le principali cause di malattie infettive di origine idrica, che possono manifestarsi come casi sporadici o cluster epidemici. Le manifestazioni cliniche più comuni sono le gastroenteriti; tuttavia i virus enterici sono in grado di causare anche sintomi respiratori, congiuntiviti, epatiti, infezioni del sistema nervoso centrale e malattie croniche. La presente rassegna fornisce una panoramica dei virus enterici tradizionalmente associati alle malattie idrotrasmesse; mostra inoltre dati epidemiologici su alcuni gruppi di virus che non sono stati associati a malattie idrodiffuse in passato (inclusi virus respiratori ed epiteliotropici), ma che possono rappresentare nuovi patogeni emergenti a causa della loro presenza e persistenza in ambienti acquatici.Parole chiave: virus, malattie idrotrasmesse, patogeni emergenti, acque potabili, acque ricreative.

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Removal of human enteric viruses by a full-scale membrane bioreactor during municipal wastewater processing

Cited by 136 publications

References 28 publications

Removal of Pathogens by Membrane Bioreactors: A Review of the Mechanisms, Influencing Factors and Reduction in Chemical Disinfectant Dosing

Removal of Pathogens by Membrane Bioreactors: A Review of the Mechanisms, Influencing Factors and Reduction in Chemical Disinfectant Dosing

Bacteriophage removal in a full-scale membrane bioreactor (MBR) – Implications for wastewater reuse

Emerging and potentially emerging viruses in water environments

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