Removal of Lead (Ii) By Lumbang (Aleurites Moluccana) Activated Carbon Carboxymethylcellulose Composite Crosslinked with Epichlorohydrin

Abstract

Removal of Pb(II) using lumbang activated carbon carboxymethylcellulose composite crosslinked with epichlorohydrin was investigated. Batch adsorption studies were performed to evaluate the effects of pH, contact time, temperature, adsorbent dose, and metal concentration. To characterize the adsorbent, proximate analysis, bulk density, DSC, FT-IR, and SEM analysis were performed. Results of FT-IR revealed that crosslinking did not alter the structure of carboxymethylcellulose due to the presence of the -COO functional groups, while the presence of the C-O signal indicates that the adsorbent was successfully crosslinked by epichlorohydrin. Furthermore, SEM results showed highly porous nature of the prepared adsorbent. The optimized parameters of the adsorbent were pH 3, contact time of 15 min. 30 o C temperature, adsorbent dose of 4 g/L at 5 ppm Pb (II) solution. With these optimized parameters, 73% removal of Pb (II) was attained in aqueous solutions, while 37% removal was observed in the wastewater sample. Moreover, the adsorption process was best described by Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm and obeyed the pseudo-second order kinetic model.

Effect of Heating Temperature on the Chemical Structure and of Conductivity Carbon from Candlenut Shells (<i>Aleurites Moluccana</i>)

“…The carbon from the candlenut shell produced in study generally has functional groups (types of bonds) found in carbon, including OH, C-H and C=O [15]. The functional groups identified on the carbonized shell of candlenut include O-H, C=C, C-H from the methyl and methylene groups, C-H from the aromatic structure.…”

Analisis Proksimat Karbon Kulit Kemiri (Aleurites moluccana) dengan Variasi Suhu Karbonisasi

“…Karbon dapat didefinisikan sebagai amorf yang memiliki porositas dan luas permukaan yang tinggi [5], karena struktur berpori ini, karbon aktif banyak digunakan dalam berbagai aplikasi, seperti adsorben zat warna [6], adsorben logam berat dan gas [7], katalis, elektroda (baterai dan superkapasitor) [8]. Karbon dapat disintesis dari biomassa yang tersusun dari lignoselulose.…”

Preliminary Column Study and Biosorption Kinetic Profile of Cadmium (II) by Epichlorohydrin-Crosslinked Lumbang (Aleurites molucanna) Chitosan Composite

“…The meat from lumbang seeds was removed, and the shells were washed and sundried for a week. The lumbang shells were pyrolyzed following the method in previous studies 9,10,11,13 with slight modifications. Approximately 3 kg of lumbang shells were placed in a burrow with a diameter of 2 ft and a depth of 3 ft.…”

“…Over time, researches have focused on the adsorption capabilities of different materials: biological materials, oxides, activated carbons, and polymer resins 6 . Among these, the use of activated carbon (AC) has become increasingly popular 7,8,9,10,11,12,13 , and it is highly favored due to its relative ease of regeneration, favorable adsorption kinetics, high adsorption capacity, and significant resistance to abrasion. There is a reliable number of sources for the production of activated carbon from agricultural wastes, such as coconut shells 12 and calamansi peels 14 , as alternative to coal and lignocellulosic materials 15 .…”