Removal of lead (II) from synthetic and batteries wastewater using agricultural residues in batch/column mode

Abstract

The present article explores the ability of five different combinations of two adsorbents (Arachis hypogea shell powder and Eucalyptus cameldulensis saw dust) to remove Pb(II) from synthetic and lead acid batteries wastewater through batch and column mode. The effects of solution pH, adsorbent dose, initial Pb(II) concentration and contact time were investigated with synthetic solutions in batch mode. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy study revealed that carboxyl and hydroxyl functional groups were mostly responsible for the removal of Pb(II) ions from test solutions. The kinetic data were found to follow pseudo-second-order model with correlation coefficient of 0.99. Among Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption models, the Langmuir model provided the best fit to the equilibrium data with maximum adsorption capacity of 270.2 mg g -1 . Column studies were carried out using lead battery wastewater at different flow rates and bed depths. Two kinetic models, viz. Thomas and Bed depth service time model, were applied to predict the breakthrough curves and breakthrough service time. The Pb(II) uptake capacity (q e = 540.41 mg g -1 ) was obtained using bed depth of 35 cm and a flow rate of 1.0 mL min -1 at 6.0 pH. The results from this study showed that adsorption capacity of agricultural residues in different combinations is much better than reported by other authors, authenticating that the prepared biosorbents have potential in remediation of Pb-contaminated waters.

Adsorptive removal of cobalt ions on raw and alkali-treated lemon peels

“…The adsorption process is favorable if 0 \ R L \ 1 (Singh et al 2014). The linearized Freundlich equation in logarithmic form is given (Freundlich 1906) as…”

Desalination of Cd2+ and Pb2+ from paint industrial wastewater by Aspergillus niger decomposed Citrus limetta peel powder

“…1). The broad and intense peak at 3,384 cm -1 was assigned to the presence of free or hydrogen-bonded O-H groups (from carboxylic acids or alcohols) on the surface of the biosorbent (Singh et al 2013). The band at 2,921 cm -1 indicates symmetric or asymmetric C-H stretching vibration of aliphatic acids.…”

“…It was observed from Table 4 that the metal biosorption capacity, BTP, and volume of water treated increased with increase in bed depth and decreases with increase in flow rate of the ANDB columns in both the modes. The increase in metal biosorption capacity with increase in bed depth (increase in the biosorbent mass) is obvious as more biosorbent will provide more binding sites resulting in higher metal uptake capacity (Singh et al 2013) Sci. Technol.…”

“…The metal uptake capacity, breakthrough time and volume of water treated in both the columns were maximum in the first cycle, and their value decreased in second and third cycles. It could be either due to the partial blocking of the active sites of ANDB in first and second cycles or due to the deterioration of the ANDB by acid washing during its regeneration process (Singh et al 2013). …”

Improvement of cadmium ion electrochemical removal from dilute aqueous solutions by application of multi-stage electrolysis

“…Therefore, the efficient treatment of wastewater containing metal ions is crucial as it can cause serious environmental problems that will affect the natural ecosystems. Exposure to heavy metal ions such as cadmium, lead, copper, and zinc, even at very low levels, is believed to pose a risk to living organisms (Singh et al 2013). There are various techniques currently used for the efficient removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater, such as adsorption (Gupta et al 2011;Ossman and Mansour 2013), chemical precipitation (Fu et al 2012), membrane filtration (Hofman and Pietrzak 2013), ion exchange (Ismail et al 2013), chemical reduction (Naggar et al 2012) and electrochemical technologies (Liu et al 2013;Segundo et al 2012).…”