Removal of levosulpiride from pharmaceutical wastewater using an advanced integrated treatment strategy comprising physical, chemical, and biological treatment

Abstract

In recent times the impact of pharmaceutical wastes generated from the pharmaceutical industry and domestic sewages on the aquatic ecosystem has become a major concern. The traditional sole treatment processes are not adequate for the elimination of these wastes. To overcome the lack of the individual treatment processes, integrated treatment methodology has been devised in the present study. The degradation of the pharmaceutical, levosulpiride, by using Ozone (O3), activated carbon (AC) and biological treatment by A.faecalis JF339228 and E. aurantiacum KX008295.1in its aqueous solution has been investigated. The percentage removal of Levosulpiride from its synthetic aqueous solution of 600 mg/L concentration using 2 g/L activated carbon and 5.2 g/h ozone and biological treatment by A.faecalis JF339228 and E. aurantiacum KX008295.1 in 72 hr were 51.60, 53.50, 39.97, and 37.51% respectively. Simultaneous treatment using adsorption and ozone followed by biological treatment with A. faecalis JF339228 and E. aurantiacum KX008295.1 has been employed in this study. To overcome the demerits of the individual treatment process, the integrated treatment is employed which has shown a synergistic effect in the degradation of levosulpiride with minimal doses of activated carbon, ozone, and minimum time of operation. The percentage removal of levosulpiride achieved was about 76 and 61% for 800 mg/L levosulpiride wastewater, respectively. Therefore, the integrated treatment system is rendered economical, efficient, and safe.

Progressive Biocatalysts for the Treatment of Aqueous Systems Containing Pharmaceutical Pollutants

“…Another promising approach to the problem of the necessary intensification and improvement of the efficiency of destruction of PCPs can be realized via the combination of physical–chemical methods of media treatment with the use of various biocatalysts ( Table 7 ) [ 104 , 105 , 106 , 107 , 108 , 109 , 110 , 111 , 112 , 113 , 114 , 115 , 116 , 117 ].…”

“…In the process of ozonation, PCPs are under attack from radicals (O’●) formed during the decomposition of molecular ozone (O 3 ), as well as hydroxyl radicals (OH●), which are formed as a result of the decomposition of ozone and its interaction with water [ 104 ]. Highly reactive hydroxyl radicals are capable of non-selective destruction of most organic and organometallic contaminants.…”

“…A comparative study showed that adsorption treatment in combination with a biological method proved to be more effective compared to ozone application and the formation of less toxic secondary intermediates from PCPs under the action of strong oxidants [ 104 ].…”

Heterogeneous Photo-Fenton Catalytic Degradation of Practical Pharmaceutical Wastewater by Modified Attapulgite Supported Multi-Metal Oxides

“…At present, the difficulty of chemical and pharmaceutical wastewater treatment lies in reducing pollutant concentration and improving biodegradability. Traditional treatment technologies, such as adsorption, coagulation and biological treatment, are mainly used, but there are some application problems, such as poor treatment efficiency, high cost, and easy to cause secondary pollution [5]. Moreover, the highly toxic and recalcitrant substances in the wastewater make biochemical treatment difficult to be directly applied.…”