Currently, biochar
(BC) has shown promising potential in groundwater
and surface-water remediation. In this work, Trapa
natans husks based biochar (TBC) was prepared and
modified with aquatic animal waste (shrimp and crab) to produce shrimp-modified
biochar (SBC) and crab-modified biochar (CBC), respectively. The as-prepared
BCs (TBC, SBC, and CBC) were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning
electron microscopy, elemental analysis, Boehm titration, Fourier
transform infrared, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. SBC and
CBC had more developed nitrogen-containing functional groups than
TBC, which indicates that the crude proteins in shrimp and crab have
successfully achieved in situ nitrogen doping. Results of batch experiments
showed that SBC and CBC had larger groundwater pollutants (2,4-dichlorophenol
(2,4-DCP) and Ni(II)) adsorption capacities than TBC. According to
batch adsorption experiment and characterization analysis results,
the proposed adsorption mechanism of 2,4-DCP includes hydrogen bonding
and π–π electron–donor–acceptor interaction,
while the mechanism for Ni(II) adsorption are proposed to be surface
complexation, ion exchange, and electrostatic attraction.