Removal of nutrients from septic tank effluent with baffle subsurface-flow constructed wetlands

Phytoremediation Potential of Palm Oil Mill Effluent by Constructed Wetland Treatment

“…In recent years, intensified CWs were introduced to improve the treatment performance such as baffled flow CWs, step feeding CWs, towery CWs, artificial aerated CWs and circular flow corridor CWs [27]. The baffled flow CW had been designed to improve the nutrients removal through their baffled wall that allow the water moves up and down flows [28]. The design enhance the water pathway travel time by forcing the wastewater up and down flow and passed through aerobic zone (upper layer), anoxic zone ( middle layer), and anaerobic zone (lower layer) [29].…”

“…Scirpus grossus had been used in diesel contaminated wastewater by Al-Baldawi, Abdullah, Anuar, Suja, & Mushrifah, (2015) and were suggested as a promising solution for oil based contaminated wastewater [38]. Studies by Cui et al, (2015) shows Canna indica plant had removed about 50% of nitrogen and 90% of phosphorus in septic tank effluent [28]. Azolla or also known as water fern is a small floating plant and can be find in paddy field and water canal.…”

“…Tee, Lim, Seng, & Nawi, (2012) combined rice husk and gravel media in domestic wastewater CW treatment with excellent removal of TON while Cui et al, (2015) combined the used of gravel, cinder, rubble, blast furnace slag, and fine sand in the CW systems with higher removal of NH4-N and TP [28], [29]. Thus promotes the other combination of substrate layers with higher porosity will provide aerobic condition in the CW systems and limiting denitrification.…”

Impacts of different media on constructed wetlands for rural household sewage treatment

“…The results show that the removal efficiencies of a fly ash wetland system on nitrogen, phosphorus and organic substances in household sewage are good, of which ammonia nitrogen removal is clearly much higher than that with the gravel filler wetland system. Cui and Ouyang (2015) use coal ash and artificial soil as the filler in a subsurface-flow wetland treatment system to treat the effluent of a septic tank to demonstrate experimentally that the effluent concentration of TP meets the discharge standards. Zhang et al (2015) also successfully use zeolite to remove ammonia nitrogen in urban sewage.…”

Influence of drip irrigation by reclaimed water on the dynamic change of the nitrogen element in soil and tomato yield and quality

“…The water for irrigation has been subjected to testing for 15 quality indicators, the statistical results of which are shown in Table 1. All operations are subject to the same irrigation and fertilization system (Shao et al, 2013;Cui and Ouyang, 2015), irrigation quantity shall be determined according to the evaporation capacity of an evaporation dish with a diameter of 20 cm placed in a position as high as a tomato with irrigation carried out 11 times in a growth period with the irrigation quantity up to 272 mm in which fertilization and irrigation have been performed 4 times with the same amount of fertilizer applied every time and carbamide selected as the fertilizer. The amount of fertilizer applied in every operation is 180 kgN/hm 2 .…”