Removal of organochlorine pesticides using zerovalent iron supported on biochar nanocomposite from Nephelium lappaceum (Rambutan) fruit peel waste

Solar‐light‐driven ZnO/biochar treatment of pesticides contaminated wastewater: A practical and computational study

“…The removal efficiencies were 36%, 19%, and 18.6% in the case of OX, LM, and MA, respectively, after a contact time of 135 min. The adsorption rate was quite good during the initial contact time due to the presence of high availability of active sites on the BC surface 42 . This is linked to the adsorption of OX onto the BC was the highest where the binding energy was accounted for −44.74 BC/OX (BC–OX) complex.…”

“…The BC surface may reach the equilibrium phase after 135 min; therefore, no improvement was observed after 135 min. Apparently, the active sites are occupied by LM, MA, and OX, which reduced the availability of further adsorption sites by increasing the contact time and subsequently decreasing the adsorption rate 42 …”

“…Apparently, the active sites are occupied by LM, MA, and OX, which reduced the availability of further adsorption sites by increasing the contact time and subsequently decreasing the adsorption rate. 42 Furthermore, this can be due to the binding energy between substrate and BC being decreased at increasing the contact time. Interactions of H-bonding and π-π reactivity between LM, MA, OX, and BC play the key factor in the adsorption process as well as the pore volume and surface area of BC.…”

“…The adsorption rate was quite good during the initial contact time due to the presence of high availability of active sites on the BC surface. 42 This is linked to the adsorption of OX onto the BC was the highest where the binding energy was accounted for −44.74 BC/OX (BC-OX) complex. The binding energy was −42.97 for BC-LM and −38.8 for BC-MA complex compatible with the pesticide adsorption efficiency.…”

“…The maximum adsorption rate of organochlorine pesticides was 76-86% at a dose of zero-valent iron-doped BC (Fe 0 -BC) (0.45 g/ L) of which was reduced at a level of 45% at a dose of 0.1 g/L. 42 The efficiency of organochlorine pesticides remained at a level of 86-91%, with increasing the catalyst concentration from 0.45 to 0.7 g/L. This was related to the nonaccessibility of adsorption active sites F I G U R E 3 (A) Effect of contact time after the addition of 1.5 g/L of biochar and (B) effect of biochar dose on the removal efficiency of oxamyl, lambda-cyhalothrin, and malathion.…”