Removal of oxytetracycline by Fe2O3–TiO2/modified zeolite composites under visible light irradiation

Antibiotics Contaminated Irrigation Water: An Overview on Its Impact on Edible Crops and Visible Light Active Titania as Potential Photocatalysts for Irrigation Water Treatment

“…Further modification of Titania is urgently needed to achieve practical, visible light-induced photocatalytic applications. Many studies have been reported in the literature to enhance Titania properties through modification and/or combination with organic and/or inorganic counterparts (Wang et al, 2011;Pouretedal and Afshari, 2016;Zhang F. J. et al, 2017;Chen and Liu, 2017;Jin et al, 2017;Duan et al, 2018;He et al, 2018;Tang et al, 2018;Zheng et al, 2018;Liu M. et al, 2019;Farhadian et al, 2019;Galedari et al, 2019;Sun et al, 2019;Akel et al, 2020;Ghoreishian et al, 2020;Liu et al, 2020;Divakaran et al, 2021;Ghoreishian et al, 2021). The following section presents a detailed summary of various methods reported in the literature to achieve visible light sensitization of Titania and its applications for tetracyclines photodegradation.…”

“…In addition to enhanced visible light activity, the practical and large scale application of Titania would necessitate catalyst stability and recyclability. Accordingly, many studies have investigated the immobilization of doped-TiO 2 on various polymeric Mahdavi et al, 2019), carbonaceous and ceramic supports such as polyphenylenediamine (POPD) (Yu et al, 2014), graphene, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) (Cao et al, 2016;Huo et al, 2016;Wang W. et al, 2017;Zhang F. J. et al, 2017;Tang et al, 2018;Jamali Alyani et al, 2019;Tabatabai-Yazdi et al, 2020), mesoporous carbon (Fang et al, 2019), MOFs (He et al, 2018;Yuan et al, 2021), zeolites (Saadati et al, 2016b;Liu M. et al, 2019), and silica (Yu et al, 2014;Chen and Liu, 2016;Chen and Liu, 2017;Zyoud et al, 2017;Li J. et al, 2019;Wang et al, 2019). These systems are prepared as composites , and the solid support provides three primary advantages: 1) high surface area which increases tetracycline adsorption, 2) enhanced light absorption and electron entrapment which enhances photocatalytic activity, and 3) reduced sintering and aggregation which leads to superior stability.…”

“…Microporous structured supports such as zeolites were investigated for TiO 2 modification. Liu et al (Liu M. et al, 2019) used the hydrothermal method to synthesize a Fe 2 O 3 -TiO 2 /Fe-Zeolite immobilized composite (Fe 2 O 3 -TiO 2 /FeZ). The composite catalyst was tested for oxytetracycline degradation using a 200 W 455 nm LED lamp as a visible light source.…”

“…The nanocarbon material in the ternary heterojunction participates in the photocatalytic degradation process by controlling the electron transfer mechanism (Scaria et al, 2020). Liu et al (Liu M. et al, 2019) prepared a ternary carbon plane/g-C 3 N 4 /TiO 2 nanocomposite heterojunction by anchoring the carbon plane into g-C 3 N 4 and then coupling it with TiO 2 , and they tested it for tetracycline degradation under visible light using a 500 W xenon lamp. The authors reported that the presence of the carbon plane was necessary to form the required ternary heterojunction contact in the prepared carbon plane/g-C 3 N 4 /TiO 2 nanostructured catalyst.…”

“…Based on our literature review, the best performing systems include 1) TiO 2 nanobelts modified with Au and CuS nanoparticles composite which degraded (96%) of the initial oxytetracycline concentration in 60 min, indicating excellent degradation efficiency compared to other composites; 2) N-doped TiO 2 /rGO composites (Tang et al, 2018) that exhibited superior activity, with (98%) tetracycline hydrochloride degradation efficiency in 60 min due to N-doping and the addition of the rGO support; 3) Fe 2 O 3 -TiO 2 /modified zeolite composite (Liu M. et al, 2019), which also exhibited 98% oxytetracycline degradation in 60 min. We recommend the following TiO 2 modifications to be further considered in future studies for the photocatalytic degradation of TCs and antibiotics in irrigation water:…”