Removal of patulin from aqueous solutions by propylthiol functionalized SBA-15

Adsorptive removal of patulin from aqueous solution using thiourea modified chitosan resin

“…The removal of natural toxins from aqueous solutions has always been a complex problem. Many studies have shown that patulin reacts readily with SH groups and more slowly with NH 2 groups [47][48][49].…”

Assessment of the electronic structure and properties of trichothecene toxins using density functional theory

“…Type B trichothecenes possess a carbonyl in the R5 position and include compounds 1-10, and 29. This study also includes the type A trichothecene T-2 toxin and related compounds (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28). T-2 toxin is associated with a variety of harmful effects, including alimentary toxic aleukia, and is a possible war agent [1].…”

“…These calculations describe the quantum nature of materials using an exchange-correlation functional, and have been highly successful in providing insight into structure based phenomena that are difficult to study experimentally [8,9]. Density functional studies have provided important information on toxin structures [10][11][12][13][14][15]; however, these methods have only been applied to a few trichothecene toxins. DFT studies at the B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level of theory on the tautomers of deoxynivalenol and nivalenol gave additional structural insight into tautomer preferences and the interpretation of experimental IR and physical data [16,17].…”

“…The type B trichothecenes have natural charges of 0.54 at C8, −0.10 to −0.11 at C9, and −0.08 to −0.11 at C10, and this pattern has been associated with Michael acceptor reactions[48]. In contrast, T-2 toxin and other trichothecenes(11)(12)(13) with an ester or hydroxyl group(18)(19)(20) and 22) attached to the C8 position have charges of 0.09-0.10 at C8, 0.00 at C9, and −0.18 to −0.19 at C10. Unsubstituted trichothecenes at the C-8 position and possess the C9 C10 double bond (14-17, 21, 23-28, 31-35) have charges of −0.39 to −0.41 at C8, −0.02 to 0.03 at C9, and −0.19 to −0.25 at C10.…”

Quantification of patulin in fruit leathers by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array (UPLC-PDA)

“…SPE has been used in one of two fashions, either to retain impurities from extracts (e.g., MycoSep columns) or to retain the PAT from extracts which is then eluted from the SPE column (e.g., Oasis columns). Recently, polymeric materials, both non-imprinted (Appell et al 2011;Shirasawa et al 2013) and imprinted (De Smet et al 2011;Khorrami & Taherkhani 2011), have been used in SPE formats. Dispersal of the binding material into the extract, as in solid-phase dispersion or QuEChERS, has also been used (Wu et al 2008;Marsol-Vall et al 2014).…”