Removal of Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) under nitrifying and denitrifying conditions

Occurrence and fate of eleven classes of antibiotics in two typical wastewater treatment plants in South China

“…Higher removals have been reported for trimethoprim during nitrification process (Batt et al, 2006b;Perez et al, 2005) and anaerobic fermentation and sludge digestion (Gobel et al, 2005;Mohring et al, 2009), but it showed high persistence towards aerobic biological treatment (b20%) (Suarez et al, 2010). High aqueous removal percentage of trimethoprim in anoxic unite (39.5% and 53.2%) in plant A and in oxidation ditch (14.3% and 66.9%) in plant B further suggests that the removal of trimethoprim was attributed to the anoxic and anaerobic biodegradation process.…”

“…These results indicated that sulfonamides were mainly biodegraded in the WWTPs. Sulfonamides (such as sulfamethoxazole, sulfamethazine, and sulfadiazine) have been reported to be easily biodegradable (Jesus Garcia-Galan et al, 2011;Li and Zhang, 2010;Mohring et al, 2009;Xu et al, 2011), and transformed in anaerobic sludge digestion (Gobel et al, 2005), while Suarez et al (2010) reported that sulfamethoxazole was minimally biodegradable (b 20%) under aerobic biological treatment. Previous papers also reported that for sulfonamides were little adsorbed onto the sludge, with sludge solid K d,solid ranging from 28.6 to 110 L/kg (Table S1).…”

“…In plant B with oxidation ditch, its aeration time was relatively longer than the hydraulic retention time in the aerobic unit of plant A. Suarez et al (2010) reported that roxithromycin and erythromycin could be transformed very efficiently (>90%) in an aerobic reactor, while only slight transformations of these two antibiotics have been observed in an anoxic reactor (b27%). Thus biodegradation processes, especially in aerobic unit, could play an important role in the removal of macrolides in WWTPs.…”

“…Several recent studies reported the degradation of some antibiotics in activated sludge systems in laboratory conditions (Kim et al, 2005;Li and Zhang, 2010;Suarez et al, 2010). However, little is known about the occurrence and removal of different classes of antibiotics together.…”

Application of coagulation and dissolved air flotation for cosmetic wastewater treatment

“…[18,19] otrzymali natomiast wartości 37,7-74,6%, a Suarez i in. [23] wartości 30-52%. Biorąc pod uwagę różnice wynikające ze składu badanych ścieków, należy uznać, że wartości te są do siebie zbliżone.…”