Removal of phosphate and nitrate over a modified carbon residue from biomass gasification

Kilpimaa, Sari; Runtti, Hanna; Kangas, Teija; Lassi, Ulla; Kuokkanen, Toivo

doi:10.1016/j.cherd.2014.03.019

Cited by 58 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Several methods have been used for the removal of nitrate from water including ion-exchange resin, chemical reduction, electrodialysis, biological denitrification, reverse osmosis, nanofiltration [3,9,[14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. However, such methods usually suffer from low treatment efficiency and high operation costs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrate uptake improvement by modified activated carbons developed from two species of pine cones

Nunell

Fernández

Bonelli

et al. 2015

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrate uptake improvement by modified activated carbons developed from two species of pine cones

Nunell

Fernández

Bonelli

et al. 2015

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science

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“…In the case study, a wet impregnation method for the chemical activation was used. Carbon residue pretreatment is described in detail in Kilpimaa et al (2014). After the pretreatment, the sample and the chemical were mixed and the used contact time was five minutes.…”

Section: Chemical Activation Of the Carbon Residue Formed In Biomass mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The measured values of specific surface areas presented in Table 4agree with this argument. (Kilpimaa et al 2012(Kilpimaa et al , 2014…”

Section: Chemical Activation Of the Carbon Residue Formed In Biomass mentioning

confidence: 99%

Activated Carbon from Renewable Sources: Thermochemical Conversion and Activation of Biomass and Carbon Residues from Biomass Gasification

Bergna

Romar

Tuomikoski

et al. 2017

Waste Biomass Management – A Holistic Approach

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Activated carbon is one of the most widely applied adsorbent. As a porous carbon, it is used for the purification of both gaseous and liquid emissions. Activated carbon is prepared from fossil resources, such as coal, or from biomass through (hydro)thermal processing followed by chemical and/or physical activation. Further, some biomass thermal treatment processes, such as biomass gasification, produce carbon residues that can be modified to activated carbon with physical or chemical activation methods. The desired properties of activated carbon, i.e. high specific surface area and porosity, high carbon content and excellent sorption capacity, can be modified and optimized during thermochemical treatment and activation. Those properties, which are shortly considered, are important in different applications for activated carbon.

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“…Nitrate, due to its high water solubility, is possibly the most widespread groundwater contaminant in the world, imposing a serious threat to drinking water supplies including eutrophication and some diseases, such as cyanosis and cancer of the alimentary canal. Therefore, in recent years, much attention has been paid to remove this contaminant from water and several techniques have been applied for this purpose, including biological denitrification, reverse osmosis, electrodialysis, breakpoint chlorination, ion exchange, membrane filtration, and adsorption (Anirudhan and Rauf 2013;Demiral and Gündüzoğlu 2010;Ji et al 2014;Kilpimaa et al 2014;Mukherjee and De 2014;Sahinkaya et al 2014;Wan et al 2012;Wang et al 2007). However, current available technologies for NO 3 − removal suffer from low treatment efficiency and high operation cost and generate additional by-products (Bhatnagar and Sillanpää 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrate Uptake from Water by Means of Tailored Adsorbents

Nunell

Fernández

Bonelli

et al. 2015

Water Air Soil Pollut

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Two different adsorbents directed to nitrate removal from water were developed from Parkinsonia aculeata wood. An activated carbon was obtained by chemical activation with K 2 CO 3 at 800°C, whereas another adsorbent was prepared using a dilute solution of NH 4 Cl at 450°C. Elemental compositions, surface functional groups, and textural parameters of both adsorbents were determined and compared with those of a commercial activated carbon used as a reference. Nitrate adsorption assays were carried out to examine the effects of solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time, and equilibrium adsorption isotherms. The adsorbent obtained with K 2 CO 3 showed a well-developed pore structure (S BET =777 m 2 /g; V T =0.35 cm 3 /g) and neutral character, while the one prepared with NH 4 Cl exhibited a low porous development (S BET =58 m 2 /g; V T =0.03 cm 3 /g), acidic nature, and a noticeably high N content. The latter attained the highest nitrate removal efficiency, with a maximum adsorption capacity (X mL =0.40 mmol/g) higher than those estimated for the former (X mL =0.34 mmol/g) and the commercial sample (X mL =0.23 mmol/g), pointing to a predominant role of the chemical surface characteristics, mainly of N-containing groups and basic functionalities. Accordingly, the adsorbent obtained with NH 4 Cl represents a friendly novel material especially suited for nitrate removal.

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Removal of phosphate and nitrate over a modified carbon residue from biomass gasification

Cited by 58 publications

References 34 publications

Nitrate uptake improvement by modified activated carbons developed from two species of pine cones

Nitrate uptake improvement by modified activated carbons developed from two species of pine cones

Activated Carbon from Renewable Sources: Thermochemical Conversion and Activation of Biomass and Carbon Residues from Biomass Gasification

Nitrate Uptake from Water by Means of Tailored Adsorbents

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