Removal of Reactive Black 5 Azo Dye from Aqueous Solutions by a Combination of Reduction and Natural Adsorbents Processes

Abstract

In this study, a combined process of reduction and adsorption for the degradation of azo dye with nanocrystalline Fe80Si10B10 powder as a reducing agent is analyzed. A mechanical alloying technique produced the powdered alloys needed for the redox process. The synthesized nanocrystalline structure favors the efficiency of the reduction step of Reactive Black 5 (RB5) azo dye. According to the UV-Vis analysis, the reductive process alone allowed for nearly complete color removal after 3 min of reaction. In this regard, the nanocrystallized FeSiB powder has excellent application potential in the first step of the reduction processes for degrading azo dye solutions. Indeed, the nanocrystalline FeSiB powder outperforms commercial Fe powders in terms of degradation efficiency because of the formation of multiple micro-batteries between the α-Fe solid solution and the Fe3Si nanocrystalline phases, favoring the loss of electrons from iron and exhibiting different corrosion resistance. In the second step, the adsorption process, the efficient removal of intermediate undesired compounds from the reduction processes, principally aromatic amines, is analyzed. Different adsorbents, including wood, graphene oxide, activated carbon, and pine particles, were used. The results suggest that graphene oxide and activate carbon performed the best for secondary product adsorption following RB5 degradation. The current study could serve as a guide for environmental applications, such as industrial wastewater treatment, using metallic powders produced by high-energy mechanical alloying.

Degradation of Azo Dye Solutions by a Nanocrystalline Fe-Based Alloy and the Adsorption of Their By-Products by Cork

“…Numerous corrosion pits can also be seen on the surfaces of powder particles, indicating that the basic red 46 degrading process was responsible for the pitting corrosion on the alloy particles. Similar observations were made by Ben Mbarek et al in their most recent investigation [32]. Likewise, EDX microanalysis confirmed the presence of oxygen after the redox process.…”

“…Under standard conditions, water acts as an oxidant, favoring the oxidation of Fe and the formation of hydrogen. The oxidizing character of water increases in acidic conditions, producing more hydrogen and, consequently, increasing the decolorization kinetics [32].…”

“…Moreover, the analysis by ICP-OES of the dye solutions after 20 min of contact with the Fe-Si-B power confirms the presence of Fe at a concentration of 0.030 ± 0.01 mg.L −1 , showing that Fe is the active agent of the alloy and that the surface of the metal powder suffers modification during the reduction process. The decrease in the concentration of the Fe on the solid surface due to the oxidation of the metal leads to an increase in the concentration of B and Si [32]. The enrichment of metalloid elements is indicative of the formation of a non-homogeneous surface layer, which can balance the effect of precipitates, making the contact of the inner zero-valent iron (ZVI) atoms with dye solutions more effective, and thus allowing the rapid oxidation kinetics of the reducing agent.…”

Bioremediation of Textile Azo Dyes Amido Black 10B, Reactive Black 5, Reactive Blue 160 by <i>Lentinus squarrosulus</i> AF5 and Assessment of Toxicity of the Degraded Metabolites

“…Extracted metabolites were mixed with HPLC grade potassium bromide (KBr) in a ratio of 5:95, and ground in an agate pestle and mortar and processed through a hydraulic press. FTIR analysis was performed using a mid-IR region (400 -4000 cm −1 ) [17] [19] [20].…”

Selective adsorption of multi-dye ions by Citrus Peel: Characterization, Performance, Regeneration

“…Industries that include dyes with different properties in their wastewater are the leading industrial organizations that increase environmental pollution and play an important role in the deterioration of the ecological balance (Chikri et al, 2020;Rápó & Tonk, 2021). Methylene blue (MB) and Reactive Black-5 (RB-5) are among the most consumed and polluting dyestuffs in the paint industry (Ben Mbarek et al, 2023;Danso-Boateng et al, 2023). These dyestuffs originating from different industries such as textile, cosmetics, leather, food, medicine, paint and varnish, and pulp production are among the most important sources of industrial pollutants (Table 1) (Ishak et al, 2020;Yeow et al, 2020).…”