Removal of small elemental sulfur particles by polysulfide formation in a sulfidic reactor

Polysulfide Concentration and Chain Length in the Biological Desulfurization Process: Effect of Biomass Concentration and the Sulfide Loading Rate

“…Previous studies show that the rate at which chemical S x 2– equilibrium occurs is dependent on process conditions such as HS – concentration, pH, temperature, and the state of the elemental sulfur. 34 − 36 Since the conditions in the system were similar, most likely, the SOB influenced the equilibrium of S x 2– in solution since the concentration of biomass increased by a factor of almost 4. Thus, similar observations in the absorber column are made for low and high biomass, as the HRT was not long enough for the SOB to influence the concentration of total S x 2– .…”

“…In addition to biological interactions, chemical S x 2– equilibrium and distribution have been studied extensively without biology. ,, Calculated thermodynamic constants (p K ) are reported between 9.18 and 14.43 for S x 2– of chain lengths 2–8, and for biologically produced sulfur, a p K value of 9.17 has been reported. , In addition to p K values, the concentration of S x 2– has been shown to increase with pH in excess of HS – and S 0 , the distribution of S x 2– does not change from pH of ∼7 to 12, and equilibrium between S x 2– species occurs rapidly in the order of 10 s . However, the rate at which equilibrium is reached depends on HS – concentration, pH, temperature, and the state of elemental sulfur, making measurements necessary to understand S x 2– in solution. − …”

“… 31 , 32 In addition to p K values, the concentration of S x 2– has been shown to increase with pH in excess of HS – and S 0 , the distribution of S x 2– does not change from pH of ∼7 to 12, and equilibrium between S x 2– species occurs rapidly in the order of 10 s. 33 However, the rate at which equilibrium is reached depends on HS – concentration, pH, temperature, and the state of elemental sulfur, making measurements necessary to understand S x 2– in solution. 34 − 36 …”