Removal of sulfamethoxazole from waters and wastewaters by conductive‐diamond electrochemical oxidation

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Sulfamethoxazole (SMX, used as a model bacteriostatic antibiotic) is persistent to conventional biological treatments of wastewaters. In this work, conductive-diamond electrochemical oxidation (CDEO) was found to be an effective technology for its removal from the effluents of conventional wastewater treatment plants.

Irradiation-assisted electrochemical processes for the removal of persistent organic pollutants from wastewater

“…As is known, the oxidation of organics by US or UV irradiation can be well fitted to a pseudo-first order kinetic model, where the kinetic constant depends on the energy irradiated. For electrochemical oxidation processes, the first-order model also performs well, and in this case, the kinetic constant is related to the mass transfer coefficient and to the kinetic constants of the various mediated oxidation processes that may coexist [26,39,44,45]. In In comparing results, significant differences between the kinetic constants calculated for the raw pollutant and TOC can be observed.…”

“…3 shows the changes in the intermediates (shown as chromatographic area due to the presence of unknown intermediates) observed during the degradation of SMX (part a), metoprolol (part b) and caffeine (part c) by photolysis, sonolysis and CDEO. The intermediates have been identified according to previous works of degradation of POPs by CDEO [26,39,45].…”

Electrochemical removal of pharmaceuticals from water streams: Reactivity elucidation by mass spectrometry

“…Reaction products are usually determined by GC-MS analysis of electrolyzed effluents [21,22,[30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41], although, recently, authors tended to use LC-MS as an alternative analytical technique [11,30,[42][43][44][45][46][47] because LC-MS may allow detection of a larger number of products, even ionic ones. Unfortunately, literature on the application of LC-MS to real pharmaceutical effluents is rather scarce [12,13].…”

Total mineralization of sulfamethoxazole and aromatic pollutants through Fe2+-montmorillonite catalyzed ozonation

“…Even more oxidative treatments of wastewaters failed in producing total mineralization [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38], generating unavoidably even more toxic derivatives [28].…”