Removal of the superficial zone of bovine articular cartilage does not increase its frictional coefficient

Krishnan, Ramaswamy; Caligaris, Matteo; Mauck, Robert L.; Hung, Clark T.; Costa, Kevin D.; Ateshian, Gerard A.

doi:10.1016/j.joca.2004.08.009

Cited by 58 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The observation that μ eq increases following GAG digestion is consistent with our recent study which found that μ eq is higher at the articular surface than right underneath it or at the deep zone [24]. Both studies imply that μ eq increases with decreasing GAG content, even though the current study altered GAG content enzymatically while the earlier study employed mechanical means (microtoming) to expose regions of cartilage with increasing GAG content.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The friction measurements were performed in a previously described custom-designed testing apparatus [24]. Sliding motion was provided by a computer controlled translation stage (PM500-1L, Newport Corporation CA), while normal and frictional loads were measured with a multi-axial load cell (20E12A-M25B, JR3 Inc, CA).…”

Section: Friction Apparatus and Testing Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Frictional Response of Bovine Articular Cartilage Under Creep Loading Following Proteoglycan Digestion With Chondroitinase ABC

Basalo

Chen

Hung

et al. 2005

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering

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SummaryThe specific aim of this study was to investigate the effect of chondroitinase ABC treatment on the frictional response of bovine articular cartilage against glass, under creep loading. The hypothesis is that chondroitinase ABC treatment increases the friction coefficient of bovine articular cartilage under creep. Articular cartilage samples (n=12) harvested from two bovine knee joints (1-3 monthsold) were divided into a control group (intact specimens) and a treated group (chondroitinase ABC digestion), and tested in unconfined compression with simultaneous continuous sliding (±4 mm at 1 mm/s) under a constant applied stress of 0.5 MPa, for 2,500 s. The time-dependent response of the friction coefficient was measured. With increasing duration of loading, treated samples exhibited a significantly higher friction coefficient than control samples as assessed by the equilibrium value (treated: μ eq = 0.19 ± 0.02; control: μ eq = 0.12 ± 0.03; p=0.002), though the coefficient achieved immediately upon loading did not increase significantly (treated: μ min = 0.0053 ± 0.0025; control: μ min = 0.037 ± 0.0013; p=0.19). Our results demonstrate that removal of the cartilage glycosaminoglycans using chondroitinase ABC significantly increases the overall time-dependent friction coefficient of articular cartilage. These findings strengthen the motivation for developing chondroprotective strategies by increasing cartilage chondroitin sulfate content in osteoarthritic joints.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Friction Apparatus and Testing Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frictional Response of Bovine Articular Cartilage Under Creep Loading Following Proteoglycan Digestion With Chondroitinase ABC

Basalo

Chen

Hung

et al. 2005

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering

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“…The surface roughness values of the control samples (typically 271 AE 23 nm) (Fig. 4A, B) are comparable with the roughness of articular cartilage surfaces measured with micrometer-sized probe tips (379 AE 83 nm) 34 and blunt probe tips (462 AE 216 nm). 32 The decrease in the friction coefficient of the articular cartilage treated with IL-1b is likely culture condition dependent.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Regulation of the friction coefficient of articular cartilage by TGF‐β1 and IL‐1β

DuRaine

Neu

Chan

et al. 2008

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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Articular cartilage functions to provide a low-friction surface for joint movement for many decades of life. Superficial zone protein (SZP) is a glycoprotein secreted by chondrocytes in the superficial layer of articular cartilage that contributes to effective boundary lubrication. In both cell and explant cultures, TGF-b1 and IL-1b have been demonstrated to, respectively, upregulate and downregulate SZP protein levels. It was hypothesized that the friction coefficient of articular cartilage could also be modulated by these cytokines through SZP regulation. The friction coefficient between cartilage explants (both untreated and treated with TGF-b1 or IL-1b) and a smooth glass surface due to sliding in the boundary lubrication regime was measured with a pin-on-disk tribometer. SZP was quantified using an enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay and localized by immunohistochemistry. Both TGF-b1 and IL-1b treatments resulted in the decrease of the friction coefficient of articular cartilage in a location-and time-dependent manner. Changes in the friction coefficient due to the TGF-b1 treatment corresponded to increased depth of SZP staining within the superficial zone, while friction coefficient changes due to the IL-1b treatment were independent of SZP depth of staining. However, the changes induced by the IL-1b treatment corresponded to changes in surface roughness, determined from the analysis of surface images obtained with an atomic force microscope. These findings demonstrate that the low friction of articular cartilage can be modified by TGF-b1 and IL-1b treatment and that the friction coefficient depends on multiple factors, including SZP localization and surface roughness. ß

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“…Contact was modeled between cartilage surfaces as well as between the superior cap surface and the apposing tibial surface, and between the cap sides and the adjacent talar cartilage surface. The coefficients of friction assigned for cartilage-on-cartilage contact (m = 0.01) and implant-on-cartilage contact (m = 0.1) were derived from the literature [43][44][45][46] . A vertical load of 300 N, corresponding to that used experimentally, was applied to the model in neutral apposition, with the talus free to seat itself according to its mating with the apposing tibial articular surface.…”

Section: Computational Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Implantation Accuracy on Ankle Contact Mechanics with a Metallic Focal Resurfacing Implant

Anderson¹,

Tochigi²,

Rudert³

et al. 2010

The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery-American Volume

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Removal of the superficial zone of bovine articular cartilage does not increase its frictional coefficient

Abstract: The topmost ( approximately 100 microm) superficial zone of articular cartilage does not have special properties which enhances its frictional response.

Cited by 58 publications

References 28 publications

Frictional Response of Bovine Articular Cartilage Under Creep Loading Following Proteoglycan Digestion With Chondroitinase ABC

Frictional Response of Bovine Articular Cartilage Under Creep Loading Following Proteoglycan Digestion With Chondroitinase ABC

Regulation of the friction coefficient of articular cartilage by TGF‐β1 and IL‐1β

Effect of Implantation Accuracy on Ankle Contact Mechanics with a Metallic Focal Resurfacing Implant

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