Removal of thorium from aqueous solution by adsorption with Cu3(BTC)2

Investigation of kinetic, isotherm and adsorption efficacy of thorium by orange peel immobilized on calcium alginate

“…The linearized pseudo-first-order kinetic model can be described according to Eq. ( 4 ) 55 . where q e and q t are the adsorption capacity (mg/g) at equilibrium time and time t, respectively, while k 1 (1/min) shows the pseudo-first-order rate constant.…”

“…The adsorption kinetics can also be described by a pseudo-second-order model. The linearized equation of this model is expressed as follows 55 : where k 2 (g/mg.min) is the pseudo-second-order rate constant and q t and q e are the adsorption capacity (mg/g) at time t and equilibrium time, respectively. Figure 6 a shows the linearized kinetic equation of Pseudo-first order and experimental data of kinetics of thorium adsorption.…”

“…For data processing and modeling, the thorium removal efficiency was determined using Eq. ( 1 ) 55 . where C i is the initial concentration (mg/L) and C f is the final concentration (mg/L) of thorium ions.…”

“…Adsorption capacity at time t, q t (mg/g) is expressed as Eq. ( 2 ) 55 . where C i and C t (mg/L) are the concentrations of the liquid phase of the dissolved substance at the initial time and desired time t, V is the volume of the solution and m is the mass of the adsorbent (g).…”

“…Some researchers used a variety of adsorbents for thorium removal. Anirudhan et al 5 used poly (methacrylic acid)-grafted chitosan/bentonite composite, Soltani et al 49 used multi-walled carbon nanotube, Xu et al 50 used magnetic chitosan resins, Khalili et al 51 used humic acid, Khamseh et al 52 , 53 used orange peel, Xiu et al 54 used graphene oxide nanoribbons/manganese dioxide composite, Hu et al 55 used Cu 3(BTC)2, Huang et al 56 used mesoporous graphite carbon nitride, Akl et al 57 used amidoximated copolymeric hydrogel, and Liu et al 58 used a three-dimensional covalent organic framework.…”