Removal of toxic metal ions by macroacyclic ligands via liquid-liquid extraction technique

Joel, C.; Bennie, R. Biju; Raj, A. Nirmal Paul; David, S. Theodore; Abraham, S. Daniel

doi:10.1080/01496395.2020.1774609

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Joel et al investigated the percent extractability of Cu 2+ , Pb 2+ , and Ag + ions from an aqueous solution to the dichloromethane phase with 8H-DAB by using the liquid–liquid phase extraction method [ 87 ]. In this study, it was observed that the percent extractability of the Hg 2+ , Cd 2+ , and Cu 2+ ions of PXTPCLOH and PXTPS polymers was higher compared to calix[4]arenediamine derivatives (7a’ and 7b) [ 88 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis and Characterization of ABA-Type Triblock Copolymers Using Novel Bifunctional PS, PMMA, and PCL Macroinitiators Bearing p-xylene-bis(2-mercaptoethyloxy) Core

Mısır,

Savaskan Yılmaz,

Bilgin

2023

Polymers

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Syntheses of novel bifunctional poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-, poly(styrene) (PS)-, and (poly ε-caprolactone) (PCL)-based atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) macroinitiators derived from p-xylene-bis(1-hydroxy-3-thia-propanoloxy) core were carried out to obtain ABA-type block copolymers. Firstly, a novel bifunctional ATRP initiator, 1,4-phenylenebis(methylene-thioethane-2,1-diyl)bis(2-bromo-2-methylpropanoat) (PXTBR), synthesized the reaction of p-xylene-bis(1-hydroxy-3-thia-propane) (PXTOH) with α-bromoisobutryl bromide. The PMMA and PS macroinitiators were prepared by ATRP of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and styrene (S) as monomers using (PXTBR) as the initiator and copper(I) bromide/N,N,N′,N″,N″-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (CuBr/PMDETA) as a catalyst system. Secondly, di(α-bromoester) end-functionalized PCL–based ATRP macronitiator (PXTPCLBr) was prepared by esterification of hydroxyl end groups of PCL-diol (PXTPCLOH) synthesized by Sn(Oct)2–catalyzed ring opening polymerization (ROP) of ε-CL in bulk using (PXTOH) as initiator. Finally, ABA-type block copolymers, PXT(PS-b-PMMA-b-PS), PXT(PMMA-b-PS-b-PMMA), PXT(PS-b-PCL-b-PS), and PXT(PMMA-b-PCL-b-PMMA), were synthesized by ATRP of MMA and S as monomers using PMMA-, PS-, and PCL-based macroinitiators in the presence of CuBr/PMDETA as the catalyst system in toluene or N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) at different temperatures. In addition, the extraction abilities of PCL and PS were investigated under liquid–liquid phase conditions using heavy metal picrates (Ag+, Cd2+, Cu2+, Hg2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+) as substrates and measuring with UV-Vis the amounts of picrate in the 1,2–dichloroethane phase before and after treatment with the polymers. The extraction affinity of PXTPCL and PXTPS for Hg2+ was found to be highest in the liquid–liquid phase extraction experiments. Characterizations of the molecular structures for synthesized novel initiators, macroinitiators, and the block copolymers were made by spectroscopic (FT–IR, ESI–MS, 1H NMR, 13C NMR), DSC, TGA, chromatographic (GPC), and morphologic SEM.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, it was observed that the percent extractability of the Hg 2+ , Cd 2+ , and Cu 2+ ions of PXTPCLOH and PXTPS polymers was higher compared to calix[4]arenediamine derivatives (7a’ and 7b) [ 88 ]. Moreover, the extractability of Ag + ion by PXTPCLOH was higher than 8HDAB [ 87 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Characterization of ABA-Type Triblock Copolymers Using Novel Bifunctional PS, PMMA, and PCL Macroinitiators Bearing p-xylene-bis(2-mercaptoethyloxy) Core

Mısır,

Savaskan Yılmaz,

Bilgin

2023

Polymers

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“…The selective removal of metal ions from an impure sample is an integral part of many chemical processes, including post‐synthetic purification, [1] ore processing, [2,3] waste‐water remediation, [4–6] radio‐chemistry, [7–9] and the recovery of precious metals and rare earth elements from process streams [10,11] . Liquid‐liquid extraction is one of the most widely used methods for metal extraction due to its wide scope, ease of implementation, and its ability to provide high metal ion selectivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Extraction of Metal Ions Using a Recirculating Two‐Stage Flow Reactor

Harvie¹,

Mello²

2021

Chemistry Methods

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We report a simple flow reactor for the selective extraction of target metal ions from an aqueous solution, using passive mixers and liquid‐liquid separators. The extraction takes place in two stages. In the first stage, target metal ions are selectively transferred to an organic phase containing extractant molecules; and, in the second stage, an acid solution strips the metal ions from the organic phase and regenerates the (uncomplexed) extractant molecules, thereby allowing them to be recirculated through the reactor. Using aqueous mixtures of copper sulphate and nickel sulphate as test solutions, copper ion extraction rates of 98 % are achieved, using the copper‐selective phenolic oxime ligand 5‐(tert‐butyl)‐2‐hydroxybenzaldehyde oxime as a molecular extractant. The two‐stage, recirculating nature of the reactor minimises the use of both the extractant molecules and the supporting organic solvent, resulting in a greener, more economical process.

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Removal of heavy metals from wastewater using synthetic chelating agents: A review

Nyamato

2025

Metal Value Recovery From Industrial Waste Using Advanced Physicochemical Treatment Technologies

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Removal of toxic metal ions by macroacyclic ligands via liquid-liquid extraction technique

Cited by 5 publications

References 19 publications

Synthesis and Characterization of ABA-Type Triblock Copolymers Using Novel Bifunctional PS, PMMA, and PCL Macroinitiators Bearing p-xylene-bis(2-mercaptoethyloxy) Core

Synthesis and Characterization of ABA-Type Triblock Copolymers Using Novel Bifunctional PS, PMMA, and PCL Macroinitiators Bearing p-xylene-bis(2-mercaptoethyloxy) Core

Efficient Extraction of Metal Ions Using a Recirculating Two‐Stage Flow Reactor

Removal of heavy metals from wastewater using synthetic chelating agents: A review

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