Removal of trace organic substances from river bank filtrate – performance study of RO and NF membranes

Loi-Brügger, A.; Panglisch, Stefan; Hoffmann, Grit; Buchta, Patrick; Gimbel, R.; Nacke, Christoph

doi:10.2166/ws.2008.021

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…The approach investigated most extensively is sorption. A broad range of sorbents, such as activated carbon (AC), ion exchange resins, minerals, carbon nanotubes, biochar, and molecularly imprinted polymers have been tested for use in PFAS removal from different environmental media. − Besides sorption, other reported techniques, such as coagulation and flocculation, − membrane filtration, − chemical reactions, ,− and biodegradation − are still at different research stages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Destruction of Perfluoroalkyl Acids Accumulated in Typha latifolia through Hydrothermal Liquefaction

Zhang

Cao

Subramanya

et al. 2020

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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To investigate whether hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) could degrade perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) accumulated in plant biomass, we first evaluated degradation of individual and mixed PFAAs in pure aqueous solutions. It was found that all five perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) were removed completely after 2 h at 300 °C. Three perfluorosulfonic acids (PFSAs) had removal efficiencies of less than 20%. With the amendment of KOH, however, the removal of PFSAs by HTL increased significantly to 85.9 ± 1.2%. HTL also removed PFAAs accumulated in common cattails (Typha latifolia). Regarding PFCAs, nearly 100% disappearance after HTL was observed. Specific to perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), one of the PFSAs, the removal of this compound in roots was 98.4%. For shoots, it was 49.7%. These promising results point to the need for further investigation so that HTL can be optimized to handle biomass of plants used for phytoremediation of PFAS.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Destruction of Perfluoroalkyl Acids Accumulated in Typha latifolia through Hydrothermal Liquefaction

Zhang

Cao

Subramanya

et al. 2020

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…The use of membrane technology, such as reverse osmosis (RO) and nano filtration (NF), to remove PFAAs from water has been shown to be successful for PFAA with an alkyl chain longer than perfluoropentanoic acid (PFPeA) and perfluoropentane sulfonate (PFPS). − Despite these results, the implementation of membrane technology in drinking water treatment remains low due to operational costs and the problem of concentrate (or brine) disposal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Treatment Processes on the Removal of Perfluoroalkyl Acids from the Drinking Water Production Chain

Eschauzier

Beerendonk

Scholte-Veenendaal³

et al. 2012

Environ. Sci. Technol.

261

133

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The behavior of polyfluoralkyl acids (PFAAs) from intake (raw source water) to finished drinking water was assessed by taking samples from influent and effluent of the several treatment steps used in a drinking water production chain. These consisted of intake, coagulation, rapid sand filtration, dune passage, aeration, rapid sand filtration, ozonation, pellet softening, granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration, slow sand filtration, and finished drinking water. In the intake water taken from the Lek canal (a tributary of the river Rhine), the most abundant PFAA were PFBA (perfluorobutanoic acid), PFBS (perfluorobutane sulfonate), PFOS (perfluorooctane sulfonate), and PFOA (perfluorooctanoic acid). During treatment, longer chain PFAA such as PFNA (perfluorononanoic acid) and PFOS were readily removed by the GAC treatment step and their GAC effluent concentrations were reduced to levels below the limits of quantitation (LOQ) (0.23 and 0.24 ng/L for PFOS and PFNA, respectively). However, more hydrophilic shorter chain PFAA (especially PFBA and PFBS) were not removed by GAC and their concentrations remained constant through treatment. A decreasing removal capacity of the GAC was observed with increasing carbon loading and with decreasing carbon chain length of the PFAAs. This study shows that none of the treatment steps, including softening processes, are effective for PFAA removal, except for GAC filtration. GAC can effectively remove certain PFAA from the drinking water cycle.The enrichment of branched PFOS and PFOA isomers relative to non branched isomers during GAC filtration was observed during treatment. The finished water contained 26 and 19 ng/L of PFBA and PFBS. Other PFAAs were present in concentrations below 4.2 ng/L The concentrations of PFAA observed in finished waters are no reason for concern for human health as margins to existing guidelines are sufficiently large.

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“…However, other reports indicated a moderate removal (Quiñones and Snyder, 2009;Shivakoti et al, 2010) or limited in time (Takagi et al, 2011). The use of reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) as advanced drinking water treatments is still limited but both technologies have been shown to be successful for the removal of >C5 PFAAs (Loi-Brugger et al, 2008;Tang et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) in N.E. Spanish surface waters and their removal in a drinking water treatment plant that combines conventional and advanced treatments in parallel lines

Flores

Ventura

Martín-Alonso

et al. 2013

Science of The Total Environment

175

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Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) are two emerging contaminants that have been detected in all environmental compartments. However, while most of the studies in the literature deal with their presence or removal in wastewater treatment, few of them are devoted to their detection in treated drinking water and fate during drinking water treatment. In this study, analyses of PFOS and PFOA have been carried out in river water samples and in the different stages of a drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) which has recently improved its conventional treatment process by adding ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis in a parallel treatment line. Conventional and advanced treatments have been studied in several pilot plants and in the DWTP, which offers the opportunity to compare both treatments operating simultaneously. From the results obtained, neither preoxidation, sand filtration, nor ozonation, removed both perfluorinated compounds. As advanced treatments, reverse osmosis has proved more effective than reverse electrodialysis to remove PFOA and PFOS in the different configurations of pilot plants assayed. Granular activated carbon with an average elimination efficiency of 64±11% and 45±19% for PFOS and PFOA, respectively and especially reverse osmosis, which was able to remove ≥99% of both compounds, were the sole effective treatment steps. Trace levels of PFOS (3.0-21 ng/L) and PFOA (<4.2-5.5 ng/L) detected in treated drinking water were significantly lowered in comparison to those measured in precedent years. These concentrations represent overall removal efficiencies of 89±22% for PFOA and 86±7% for PFOS.

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Removal of trace organic substances from river bank filtrate – performance study of RO and NF membranes

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Destruction of Perfluoroalkyl Acids Accumulated in Typha latifolia through Hydrothermal Liquefaction

Destruction of Perfluoroalkyl Acids Accumulated in Typha latifolia through Hydrothermal Liquefaction

Impact of Treatment Processes on the Removal of Perfluoroalkyl Acids from the Drinking Water Production Chain

Occurrence of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) in N.E. Spanish surface waters and their removal in a drinking water treatment plant that combines conventional and advanced treatments in parallel lines

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