Removal of trivalent chromium ions from aqueous solutions by Sodium polyacrylate beads

Abstract

<jats:p>In the present study, the performance of sodium polyacrylate beads on the removal of trivalent chromium Cr (III) from aqueous solutions was evaluated using several techniques such as Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDAX), Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) and Atomic Adsorption Spectroscopy (AAS). On one hand, the characterization of dry PANa beads was carried out through FTIR and the surface morphology was analyzed by SEM and EDAX methods in order to show the loading of heavy metal on PANa beads. On the other hand, the effect of contact time, initial pH solution, initial Cr(III) concentration, adsorbent mass and temperature on the adsorption capacity of PANa was studied. All results have shown that the adsorption equilibrium was reached at about 60 minutes with an adsorption efficiency close to 90 %. Also, the study of the reliability of PANa beads was effectuated using 0.01 M nitric acid solution through six cycles of adsorption/desorption which were determined in order to study the reliability of PANa over time and to test their efficiency in industrial applications. Finally, the obtained thermodynamic parameters (ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS°) indicate that the adsorption process is spontaneous and endothermic.</jats:p>

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“…The band arising due to vibrational ν(C=N) mode at 1643 cm -1 (m) in the free 1,10phenanthroline monohydrate was shifted to lower frequencies, at 1573.79 cm -1 (m) in [Fe(imida.)2(phen.)(H2O)2]SO4. This shift suggested that 1,10-phenanthroline binds with the metal center via ring nitrogen appeared at 646.37cm -1 due to ν (Fe…N) [32,33]. The 1 HNMR spectra (Figure 2) were recorded for the mixed ligands and its metal complex in DMSO as the solvent and showed the following chemical shifts: multiple and signal chemical shifts between 7.13-8.8 ppm belong to the protons in aromatic rings, the singlet chemical shift at 8.39,7.89 ppm is attributed to the proton attached to C=N group.…”

Experimental study of the adsorption of Zn2 + ions on Natural Calcium Carbonate

“…The Langmuir model and Freundlich model. The Langmuir eq (5) and Freundlich eq (6) equations are presented in Table 2 25 . Table 2.…”

“…Adsorption technique is one of the most effective processes of advanced wastewater treatment. It is superior to other techniques in terms of flexibility and simplicity of design, initial cost, insensitivity to toxic pollutants and ease of operation [3][4][5][6] . Many adsorbents are widely used such as activated carbon 7 , chitosan [8][9][10][11][12] , clay [13][14][15][16] and calcium carbonate [17][18][19] .…”

Structure of Superabsorbent Polyacrylate Hydrogels and Dynamics of Counterions by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

“…Superabsorbent polymer hydrogels are widely used in daily life, for example, in medical and personal hygiene products for absorption of water and biological fluids . Other applications concern their use as smart separation media in wastewater treatment and removal of organic and inorganic pollutants such as dyes and heavy ions, for desalination of saline water to satisfy human consumption and other needs, or inversion of the desalination process to convert osmotic pressure into mechanical energy in an alternating swelling–shrinking manner, amongst other applications . Polyacrylic acid (PAA) hydrogels are usually synthesized in an aqueous solution polymerization or inverse suspension polymerization and subsequently treated for partial or full neutralization with, for example, sodium hydroxide.…”