“…NGOs and research institutions are also making efforts toward the scientific restoration of grasslands. Removal of invasive species is at the forefront of such activities, with examples from grasslands of Banni (Nerlekar et al 2022), and Shola grasslands of the Nilgiri hills (ERA n.d.; NCF & VCT 2006), wet grasslands of Manas Tiger Reserve, Assam (Sinha et al 2022). Grasslands outside PAs are also maintained by local or nomadic communities who depend on them mainly for pastoralism, grazing, grass collection for housing material, farming, and other livelihood activities.…”