Removing Ingrained Soiling from Medieval Lime-based Wall Paintings Using Nanorestore Gel® Peggy 6 in Combination with Aqueous Cleaning Liquids

Kathrine, Segel; Brajer, Isabelle; Taube, Michelle; Fonjaudran, Charlotte Martin de; Baglioni, Michele; Chelazzi, David; Giorgi, Rodorico; Baglioni, Piero

doi:10.1080/00393630.2020.1790890

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…To maintain further control of the cleaning agent release and perform gentler interventions, scientists and restorers have focused on the use of soft matter cleaning methodologies [3][4][5][6]. These methods allow for the safe transportation of organic solvents to be released only at the targeted surfaces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given their rheological properties, gels can ensure good contact with the surface and the reduction of residues after the cleaning process [7]. Moreover, gels can be designed to target specific substances to be removed from the surface [4,8,9], for example, the removal of soiling particles [6] and varnishes [10]. Additionally, these soft materials allow specific functionalization to ensure the complete removal of the gel [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Agar Foam: Properties and Cleaning Effectiveness on Gypsum Surfaces

et al. 2023

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In the past decade, the usage of soft materials, like gels, has allowed for a better control of the water release process into the substrate for cleaning interventions. Agar—a natural polysaccharide harvested from algae—has been used to perform cleaning of stone materials, gypsum works, and paintings with remarkably positive results. Agar presents the great advantage of being cheap, easily available, fast to produce and not toxic, allowing for more sustainable conservation works. More recently, a new type of agar fluid, agar foam, promises further control of the water release and ease of application on delicate surfaces. In the present study, this new type of agar, CO2 and N2O foams, has been characterized and compared with the conventional sol/gel agar system. Moreover, the cleaning effectiveness of the agar foam was tested both in laboratory conditions and in two case studies: a historical gypsum from the porch framing of the Abbey of Nonantola, and the 20th century gypsum cast of the Pietà Rondanini by Michelangelo, located in the Sforza Castle in Milan. The obtained results show that foaming changes the sol-gel transition temperature of the agar gel as well as incrementing its dissipative behavior. When freshly applied, the foams flow with a reduced velocity, thus allowing a better control and ease of application. Once gelified, they act as a soft solid-like material, as shown by their rheological properties. Moreover, it was found that CO2 foam slightly reduces the water release to the surface, while maintaining the moldability and ease of application. The study allows for the conclusion that agar foam offers an interesting alternative for delicate surfaces, with a non-coherent mineral deposit, and with complex geometries that often represent a challenge for the conventional agar applications

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agar Foam: Properties and Cleaning Effectiveness on Gypsum Surfaces

et al. 2023

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“…Nano gel provides several benefits over conventional cleaning procedures, including retaining high volumes of liquid while limiting liquid penetration into the body. Moreover, its viscosity is an excellent tool for treating uneven, vaulted surfaces [29]. This research presents a novel strategy for developing cleaning materials for archaeological pottery.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison Study of Titanium Dioxide and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles for Cleaning Archaeological Pottery

Mohamed

2022

JNanoR

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Many excavations contain potsherds that have suffered from different aspects of deterioration, including salt crystallization, dirt deposition, and soot. The different stains play an important role in the deterioration of archaeological pottery, such as the disappearance of the original surface and discoloration. The present study aims to evaluate some nanoparticles in an innovative poultice form to be used to clean archaeological pottery. In this study, the nanoparticles (NPs) of titanium dioxide (TiO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO) have been prepared at 5% and in the poultice form to be used for the cleaning process of archaeological potsherds excavated from the excavation site at Abusir. Different analytical techniques, such as transmission electron microscope (TEM), digital microscope, stereomicroscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM-EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and measurement of color change have been used to characterize the studied potsherds and evaluate the cleaning process. The results of the XRD analysis showed the presence of some main minerals, such as albite, quartz, diopside, hematite, spinel and chloride salt (halite). The results of the microscopic investigation used in the evaluation process revealed that using TiO2 NPs poultice perfectly removed soot and dust deposits from the surface, and the cleaned surface became smooth. The results of elemental analysis by (SEM-EDX) showed the effective reduction in the percentage of salts and soot from the treated potsherds by TiO2 NPs poultice to be 3.38% and 6.68%, respectively. The measurement of color change revealed that the treated potsherds by TiO2 NPs poultice gave the highest (ΔE*=9.41), confirming this poultice's effective role in cleaning archaeological potsherds. Based on the results of different analytical techniques used in the evaluation process, the TiO2 NPs poultice is recommended for use in the cleaning process of archaeological pottery.

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“…Nanostructured fluids (NSFs) and solvents confined in chemical/physical gels are used in the conservation of cultural heritage due to their effectiveness in the removal of several materials, i.e., wax and hydrophobic concretions [29][30][31], polymer coatings [32][33][34][35][36], varnishes [37], etc., from different works of art (such as Renaissance fresco paintings), removal of pressure sensitive tapes [38][39][40], cleaning of masterpieces as Beato Angelico, Picasso [41], Pollock [42], Lichtenstein [43] and many others [44]. NSFs are mainly aqueous systems (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%