Removing Lead From Drinking Water With a Point‐of‐Use GAC Fixed‐Bed Adsorber

Abstract

An evaluation was carried out of a point-of-use (POU) granular activated carbon (GAG) fixed-bed adsorber (F&A) for removing soluble and insoluble lead from drinking water. Several factors affected the removal of lead from water by GAC, including carbon type, particle size distribution, solution pH, contact time of water with GAC, surface loading of lead onto GAC, competitive interactions with other heavy metals, and the design of the POU-GAC-F&A. Minicolumns were used to determine the relative capacities of GAG for lead under varying water conditions and to help identify mechanisms of lead removal.

Application of low-cost adsorbents for dye removal – A review

“…The activated carbons which are used as adsorbents, not only remove different types of dyes (Al-Degs et al, 2001;DiGiano and Natter, 1977;Pelekani and Snoeyink, 2000;Walker and Weatherley, 1999), but also other organic and inorganic pollutants such as metal ions (Carrott et al, 1998(Carrott et al, , 1997Gabaldó n et al, 2000;Kuennen et al, 1992;Macias-Garcia et al, 1993), phenols (Carrott et al, 2005;Caturla et al, 1988;Mourao et al, 2006;Paprowicz, 1990;Zogorski et al, 1976), pesticides (Hu et al, 1998;Pirbazari et al, 1991;Pirbazari and Weber Jr., 1984), chlorinated hydrocarbons (Urano et al, 1991), humic substances (Lee et al, 1983), PCBs (Pirbazari et al, 1992), detergents (Bele et al, 1998;Malhas et al, 2002), organic compounds which cause taste and odour (Flentje and Hager, 1964;Lalezary et al, 1986) and many other chemicals and organisms (Annesini et al, 1987;Carrott et al, 2000;Donati et al, 1994;Giusti et al, 1974;McKay et al, 1985a;Najm et al, 1993;Saito, 1984;Smith, 1991). It is well known that adsorption by activated carbon is an effective and commercially applicable method for removing colour and other pollutants from textile and dye wastes.…”

A Critical Analysis on the Efficiency of Activated Carbons from Low-Cost Precursors for Heavy Metals Remediation

“…This is evident from the vast literature survey which also reveals that ACs have been used successfully for the removal of metal ions, besides other pollutants such as phenols, detergents, pesticides, chlorinated hydrocarbons. [47][48][49][50][51][52][53] The high adsorption capacity and faster kinetics as demonstrated by ACs for heavy metal ion removal from liquid phases is primarily due to their high micropore volume, large specific surface area, and favorable pore size distribution. 8 Despite the major success of AC as commercial adsorbent in waste water treatment, its use is restricted due to the high cost of its precursors such as coal, coconut shells, wood, peat, and petroleum-based residues.…”

“…40 While activated alumina and silica are reported to have a mean surface area of 250 and 750 m 2 /g, the AC has a high surface area ranging from 800 to 1500 m 2 /g. 35,47 Zeolites that are an important class of hydrated aluminosilicates possess cage-like structures and have internal and external surface areas of up to several hundred square meters per gram. In comparison to alumina, zeolites, and silica, the AC is not only the oldest adsorbent but also the most widely used standard adsorbent in the purification of industrial effluents and groundwater treatment.…”

Development and evaluation of Mn oxide-coated composite adsorbent for the removal and recovery of heavy metals from coal processing wastewater. Final report, December 1995

“…However, a number of investigators have suggested using activated carbon to remove heavy metals form aqueous solutions ( Sigworth and Smith, 1972;Huang and Wu, 1977;Huang and Bowers, 1979;Bowers and Huang, 1980;Hayes and Leckie, 1982;Netzer and Hughes, 1984;Bhattacharyya and Cheng, 1987;Corapcioglu and Huang, 1987;Ku and Peters, 1987;Gajghate et. al., 1992;Kuennen et al 1992;Reed and Matsumoto, 1992;Reed and Arunachalam, 1994).…”