Removing Radium by Adding Preformed Hydrous Manganese Oxides

Valentine, Richard L.; Spangler, Karen M.; Meyer, John Louis

doi:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1990.tb06921.x

Cited by 19 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The authors observed that the Pb adsorption capacity of MnO 2 exceeded that of its Fe‐oxide counterpart by an order of magnitude on a molar basis. Other researchers (Valentine & Stearns, 1994; Valentine et al, 1990) reported even more dramatic differences when assessing Ra removal via adsorption to preformed Fe and Mn oxides. They observed Ra sorption densities of 20,000–40,000 pCi/g (Ra‐to‐Mn ratio) onto hydrous Mn oxides (HMOs) when equilibrated to 5 pCi/L of Ra.…”

Section: Accumulation Sinksmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Contaminant concentrations. The adsorption capacity ( q i,j,k ) of several contaminant–substrate pairings has been shown to be well‐represented by various isotherm distribution models (e.g., Freundlich, Langmuir) within certain pH ranges (Amy et al, 2005; McNeill & Edwards, 1997; Valentine & Stearns, 1994; Valentine et al, 1990). Although the shape of the adsorption capacity profiles differ between these models, in each case q i,j,k increases in a positive manner to C i .…”

Section: Water Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Behavior of trace inorganic contaminants in drinking water distribution systems

Hill¹,

Friedman²,

Reiber³

et al. 2010

Journal AWWA

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Regulated trace metals and radiological contaminants can participate in a variety of reaction and transport mechanisms that contribute to their nonconservative behavior in drinking water distribution systems. As a result, toxic contaminants such as arsenic, lead, and radium have been measured in customer tap water at levels that are orders of magnitude greater than their levels at system entry points. A recently completed investigation of contaminant occurrence in distribution system deposits provided insight into accumulation trends and highlighted the complexity of the issue. However, the industry—s understanding of inorganics accumulation and release phenomena and associated exposure risks remains limited because of significant research voids. Furthermore, utilities generally are unaware of the scope of the issue and the potential consequences of routine system operations on contaminant occurrence and mobility. This article addresses these issues through a critical distillation of previous investigations, suggested strategies for future research direction, and practical considerations for water utilities.

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Section: Accumulation Sinksmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Water Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavior of trace inorganic contaminants in drinking water distribution systems

Hill¹,

Friedman²,

Reiber³

et al. 2010

Journal AWWA

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“…The 226 Ra was removed most efficiently with the manganese greensand filtration equipment (98%) with removal that is based on the use of potassium permanganate. Manganese dioxide forms a fresh coating on the greensand granulates and acts as an efficient adsorbent (Qureshi & Nelson, 2003; Valentine et al, 1990). Strong acid cation resins, which are normally used to remove Fe, Mn, and hardness from water, have been observed to remove more than 80% of 226 Ra (Vesterbacka et al, 2003; Clifford, 1990).…”

Section: Removal Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Pilot Study of Radionuclide Removal: Using Conventional Iron‐ and Manganese‐removal Equipment

Vesterbacka¹,

Salonen²

2008

Journal AWWA

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This article discusses a pilot study that examined the feasibility of using Fe‐ and Mn‐removal equipment to remove natural radionuclides from drinking water. The goal was also to identify removal techniques that should be studied further, and to specify whether any technical changes should be made to improve removal efficiencies. The study concluded that, although removals of various nuclides are not always complete, removal may be sufficient to meet regulatory requirements. Using aeration and filtration equipment, 222Rn removal was often insufficient because of high 222Rn concentrations, and because an insufficient amount of air was applied with the removal equipment. Removal of 226Ra using manganese greensand filtration and a cation exchanger was efficient, and 238U removal was efficient using an anion exchanger.

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“…Iron oxides, which ordinarily occur in water treatment plants and distribution systems, selectively scavenge other elements primarily by adsorption or coprecipitation and may bind radium.10 In addition, radium can adsorb and/or coprecipitate to various substances, including iron and manganese oxides. [11][12][13][14] To examine whether the pipe scale contained 226Ra, we subjected the pipe scale samples to gamma analyses. HpGe detector gamma analyses of scale fragments identified several members of the uranium-238 (238U) decay chain, including 10 Bq/g-l of 226Ra and 5 Bq/g-I of 222Rn progeny.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radium-bearing pipe scale deposits: implications for national waterborne radon sampling methods.

Field¹,

Fisher²,

Valentine³

et al. 1995

Am J Public Health

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A point-of-use waterborne radon-222 (222Rn) survey of a small Iowa town was performed to determine the cause of unnaturally high waterborne 222Rn concentrations in the municipality. The source of the elevated 222Rn concentrations was a newly discovered reservoir of waterborne 222Rn originating from distribution-system radium-226 (226Ra) adsorbed internal pipe scale deposits. Because the proposed national drinking water regulations for 222Rn require sampling at the origin of the distribution system rather than at the point of use, the proposed scheme for collection of water samples may not represent actual consumer waterborne 222Rn exposure in all cases.

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Removing Radium by Adding Preformed Hydrous Manganese Oxides

Cited by 19 publications

References 27 publications

Behavior of trace inorganic contaminants in drinking water distribution systems

Behavior of trace inorganic contaminants in drinking water distribution systems

Pilot Study of Radionuclide Removal: Using Conventional Iron‐ and Manganese‐removal Equipment

Radium-bearing pipe scale deposits: implications for national waterborne radon sampling methods.

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