Removing volatile contaminants from the unsaturated zone by inducing advective air-phase transport

Baehr, Arthur L.; Hoag, George E.; Marley, Michael C.

doi:10.1016/0169-7722(89)90023-5

Cited by 145 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…When soil gas concentration decreases, the local chemical equilibrium is perturbed, causing the transfer of volatile oil from the NAPL phase into the soil gas, where it can be removed. Traditionally, an equilibrium mass transfer approach is used to describe NAPL volatilization where the time needed for oil to transfer from the NAPL to the gas phase at local scale is assumed to be very short compared to bulk gas movement (e.g., Corapcioglu and Baehr 1987;Baehr 1987;Wilson et al 1987;Wilson et al 1988;Baehr et al 1989;Johnson et al 1990). However, an equilibrium mass transfer approach is a maximum rate and can overestimate NAPL volatilization.…”

Section: 1mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experimental results using natural geological materials often show effluent concentrations below the theoretical maximum based on contaminant partial pressures (Baehr et al 1989;Mackay et al 1990;Rainwater et al, 1989). Gierke et al (1992) used a mathematical model and laboratory column experiments to examine the impacts of mass partitioning and other factors on subsurface movement of organic vapors.…”

Section: 1mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improved Predictions of Carbon Tetrachloride Contaminant Flow and Transport: Implementation of Kinetic Volatilization and Multicomponent NAPL Behavior

Oostrom¹,

Zhang²,

Freedman³

et al. 2008

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Carbon tetrachloride (CT) was discharged to waste sites that are included in the 200-PW-1 Operable Unit in Hanford 200 West Area. Fluor Hanford, Inc. is conducting a Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) remedial investigation/feasibility study (RI/FS) for the 200-PW-1 Operable Unit. The RI/FS process and remedial investigations for the 200-PW-1, 200-PW-3, and 200-PW-6 Operable Units are described in the Plutonium/Organic-Rich Process Condensate/Process Waste Groups Operable Unit RI/FS Work Plan. As part of this overall effort, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) was contracted to improve the STOMP simulator (White and Oostrom, 2006) by incorporating kinetic volatilization of nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPL) and multicomponent flow and transport. This work supports the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) efforts to characterize the nature and distribution of CT in the 200 West Area and subsequently select an appropriate final remedy.Previous numerical simulation results with the STOMP simulator have overestimated the effect of soil vapor extraction (SVE) on subsurface CT, showing rapid removal of considerably more CT than has actually been recovered so far. These previous multiphase simulations modeled CT mass transfer between phases based on equilibrium partitioning. Equilibrium volatilization can overestimate volatilization because mass transfer limitations present in the field are not considered. Previous simulations were also conducted by modeling the NAPL as a single component, CT. In reality, however, the NAPL mixture disposed of at the Hanford site contained several non-volatile and nearly insoluble organic components, resulting in time-variant fluid properties as the CT component volatilized or dissolved over time. Simulation of CT removal from a DNAPL mixture using single-component DNAPL properties typically leads to an overestimation of CT removal. Other possible reasons for the discrepancy between observed and simulated CT mass removal during SVE are differences between the actual and simulated 1) SVE flow rates, 2) fluid-media properties, and 3) disposal history (volumes, rates, and timing).In this report, numerical implementation of kinetic volatilization and multicomponent DNAPL flow and transport into the STOMP simulator (White and Oostrom, 2006) is described. The results of several test cases are presented and explained. The addition of these two major code enhancements increases the ability of the STOMP simulator to model complex subsurface flow and transport processes involving CT at the Hanford site.v

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Section: 1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: 1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Predictions of Carbon Tetrachloride Contaminant Flow and Transport: Implementation of Kinetic Volatilization and Multicomponent NAPL Behavior

Oostrom¹,

Zhang²,

Freedman³

et al. 2008

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show abstract

“…NAPL saturation used was varied from 13.8% -71% . For each NAPL saturation experiment, pore gas velocity was varied between 0.1-2 cm/sec as pore gas velocity is found to be less than 2cm/sec in a typical SVE system (Baehr et al, 1989). Each experiment with one NAPL saturation and different pore gas velocities were run for 42-62 minutes.…”

Section: 2 Volatilization Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volatilization of Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid in Porous Media: Vapor Phase Mass Transfer Characteristics

Anwar

Matsubayashi

2000

Journal of Groundwater Hydrology

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“…The models range in complexity from those that use steady-state flow fields coupled with analytical solutions (Roy and Griffin 1991;Zaidel and Russo 1993) to others that use steady-state flow fields and numerical transport solutions (Massmann and Farrier 1992;Johnson et al 1990). More complex models consider geologic heterogeneity while still assuming steady-state flow conditions (Baehr et al 1989;Benson et al 1993). …”

Section: Computer Code and Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Twin Cities Army Ammunition Plant soil vapor extraction system : a post-audit modeling study.

Williams¹,

Tomasko²,

Jiang³

2000

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Removing volatile contaminants from the unsaturated zone by inducing advective air-phase transport

Cited by 145 publications

References 7 publications

Improved Predictions of Carbon Tetrachloride Contaminant Flow and Transport: Implementation of Kinetic Volatilization and Multicomponent NAPL Behavior

Improved Predictions of Carbon Tetrachloride Contaminant Flow and Transport: Implementation of Kinetic Volatilization and Multicomponent NAPL Behavior

Volatilization of Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid in Porous Media: Vapor Phase Mass Transfer Characteristics

Twin Cities Army Ammunition Plant soil vapor extraction system : a post-audit modeling study.

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