Renaissance of Strong Metal–Support Interactions

Abstract

Strong metal–support interactions (SMSIs) have emerged as a significant and cutting-edge area of research in heterogeneous catalysis. They play crucial roles in modifying the chemisorption properties, interfacial structure, and electronic characteristics of supported metals, thereby exerting a profound influence on the catalytic properties. This Perspective aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the latest advancements and insights into SMSIs, with a focus on state-of-the-art in situ/operando characterization techniques. This overview also identifies innovative designs and applications of new types of SMSI systems in catalytic chemistry and highlights their pivotal role in enhancing catalytic performance, selectivity, and stability in specific cases. Particularly notable is the discovery of SMSI between active metals and metal carbides, which opens up a new era in the field of SMSI. Additionally, the strong interactions between atomically dispersed metals and supports are discussed, with an emphasis on the electronic effects of the support. The chemical nature of SMSI and its underlying catalytic mechanisms are also elaborated upon. It is evident that SMSI modification has become a powerful tool for enhancing catalytic performance in various catalytic applications.

Mie Resonant Metal Oxide Nanospheres for Broadband Photocatalytic Enhancements

“…These simulations suggest that nanoengineering of oxide materials can produce strong electromagnetic enhancements at specific wavelengths of interest. Independent of wavelength, Figure D,E shows that electric field enhancements are maximized at the interface between TiO 2 and Au, which is significant because of the reactivity found at metal oxide/metal interfaces, specifically in gold decorated TiO 2 systems from studies on thermal catalysis. − …”

Constructing Gradient Orbital Coupling to Induce Reactive Metal–Support Interaction in Pt-Carbide Electrocatalysts for Efficient Methanol Oxidation

“…Supported metal catalysts have widespread applications in the fields of chemical industry, energy conversion, environmental pollution control, and etc. , The metal–support interaction (MSI) initiated at the interface between supports and metal nanoparticles (NPs) could induce the structural reconstruction of the catalysts under certain conditions, which has a significant impact on catalytical performance. − The most discussed interaction is the classical strong metal–support interaction (cSMSI), which refers to the encapsulation of metal particles by the supporting materials under specific conditions. − This phenomenon was first observed in Pt-TiO 2 system by Tauster et al in 1978, − and the Pt NPs were found to be encapsulated by an amorphous TiO x layer after heat treatment under H 2 at 773 K. With the increase of reduction temperature for Pt-TiO 2 system, the formation of the L1 2 -Pt 3 Ti alloy was observed, , which was termed as reactive metal–support interaction (RMSI) . Similar induction conditions make the occurrence of RMSI in metal–metal oxide systems often accompanied by cSMSI, which is often detrimental to catalytic activity.…”

Refining Metal–Support Interactions via Surface Modification of Irreducible Oxide Support for Enhanced Complete Propane Oxidation

“…Oxide-supported metal catalysts are widely employed in various important heterogeneous catalysis processes, such as hydrogenation, oxidation, and catalytic reforming, to name just a few. − Initially, oxide supports were perceived as inert materials whose primary function was to disperse and stabilize the supported metal species. However, subsequent investigations have revealed metal–support interactions (MSIs), which have a significant and distinct influence on modifying the chemisorption properties, interfacial structure, and electronic characteristics of the supported metals. , These factors ultimately determine the catalytic performance, including activity, selectivity, and stability. − Therefore, precise control and regulation of the MSI are crucial for achieving the desired catalytic performances.…”