Renal Angiomyolipoma during Pregnancy: A Case Report

Abstract

Renal angiomyolipoma (AML) is the most common benign tumor of the kidney. There are few case reports in the literature, especially those occurring during pregnancy. We, at this moment, are reporting a case of a 32-year-old female patient who presented at 21 weeks of gestation with right-sided flank pain, chills, macroscopic hematuria, and vomiting. On examination, she was hemodynamically stable, with no fever. Renal ultrasound showed the presence of a hyperechogenic vascularized fatty tissue on the right kidney, measuring 7.4 x 5.1 x 6.2 cms, with minimal pelvicalyceal dilatation. The MRI opted for an angiomyolipoma. Discharged home at day 4 of admission, the patient’s continued the remaining weeks of her pregnancy uneventfully, until 37 weeks. She delivered her baby vaginally with no further complications during pregnancy or in the post-partum period.In conclusion, due to the insufficient data in the literature supporting the management of patients with AML, the individualization of the treatment is an essential strategy.

Consumers and Artificial Intelligence: An Experiential Perspective

“…The tendency to objectify others, and women in particular, is well-known (Fredrickson and Robert 1997), and it should be stronger when the interaction partner is, in fact, an inanimate entity, however human-like its communication. Indeed, conversational failures lead consumers to express more frustration with AI when it has a female rather than a male voice (Hadi et al 2020). Firms risk translating this denigration of AI into behaviors that reinforce inequality.…”

“…To avoid the perpetuation of harmful stereotypes, companies could also strive to develop AI that is less, rather than more, humanlike (Hadi et al 2020), and indeed, software developers have begun investigating the creation of gender-neutral voices (Sydell 2018). This requires a radical change in the mindset of many AI designers (and marketing academics), who often take it for granted that anthropomorphism fosters better relationships with customers (Kim, Chen, and Zhang 2016).…”

“…If, over time, AI social experiences become commonplace, future research should explore their broader interpersonal and societal consequences (RQD3). Just as the synthetic and unrealistic nature of pornography has been accused of distorting teens’ sexual expectations (Owens et al 2012), AI social experiences might increase the prevalence of sexist language if they trigger female objectification (Hadi et al 2020). Researchers could also build on literature on intergroup relations, such as Haslam’s (2006) theory of dehumanization, to investigate the conditions under which objectification of AI is more likely to occur (RQD4).…”