Complications of renal artery aneurysms (RAAs) can be life threatening and include the spontaneous rupture which may lead to severe retroperitoneal hemorrhage, loss of the kidney, or death. As the incidence and diagnosis of RAAs is expected to rise, it is becoming increasingly important to enhance our awareness and knowledge of this rare clinical entity. Here, we present the case of a hilar right RAA and the surgical approach for primary repair during the postpartum period. Additionally, we discuss current pathophysiologic mechanisms, associated symptoms as well as current treatment modalities for RAAs.Keywords: renal artery aneurysm (RAA), pregnancy, primary repair to have a higher incidence of RAAs, the cardiovascular changes associated with pregnancy increase the risk of rupture and subsequent fetal and/or maternal death. For this reason, the repair of RAAs with a maximum diameter of >2 cm is usually recommended in pregnant women and women of reproductive age. 1)
Case ReportA 29-year-old woman, gravida 4 para 3, at 26 weeks and two days of gestation presented to the obstetric/gynecology clinic with worsening right flank pain. She had a history of a right RAA, which was diagnosed in her third pregnancy three years ago during the diagnostic workup for flank pain. At that time, Doppler ultrasound had shown a RAA in the right renal hilum with a diameter of 1.7 cm. Her family history was positive for a cousin with a ruptured RAA.Diagnostic studies were initiated at her current presentation. A MRI angiogram examination without intravenous contrast demonstrated a right RAA measuring 2.4 cm × 1.6 cm (Fig. 1). It was located at the bifurcation of the right main renal artery approximately 2.5 cm from the right lateral edge of the aorta. A segmental branch arising from the superior aspect of the aneurysm was noted. A Doppler ultrasound examination confirmed the above measurements and showed no evidence of active bleeding. Therefore, the patient's flank pain was controlled with minimal narcotics. In light of the increased risk of rupture of the aneurysm during pregnancy, especially during the imminent third trimester, the patient had close obstetric monitoring. The Maternal-Fetal Medicine team, together with our group, decided to plan the surgical repair of the right RAA for the postpartum period. At 37 weeks of gestation, the patient underwent a scheduled cesarean section without complications and delivered a healthy child.Fifty days postpartum the patient was admitted to the hospital for the elective surgical repair of a right RAA. A surgical repair was chosen over an endovascular approach due to the hilar location of the RAA, which would not