Renal blood flow and flow velocity in children and adolescents: Duplex Doppler evaluation

Grunert, Dustin; Schöning, M.; Rosendahl, W

doi:10.1007/bf02106297

Cited by 35 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The kidneys of neonates receive only 5-6% of total cardiac output, compared with 15-25% for adults (Hook & Baillie, 1979). The blood flow to kidney normalized to tissue weight, however, remains fairly constant after about the age of one year (Grunert et al, 1990). This is somewhat consistent with reports that renal maturity is attained during the second year of life.…”

Section: Blood Flow To Organssupporting

confidence: 87%

Expressing urine from a gel disposable diaper for biomonitoring using phthalates as an example

Liu

Xia

Guo

et al. 2012

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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The urinary metabolites of phthalates are well-accepted exposure biomarkers for adults and children older than 6 years but are not commonly used for infants owing to non-convenient sampling. In the light of this situation, a novel sampling method based on monitoring the urine expressed from the gel diaper was developed. The urine was expressed from the gel absorbent after mixing the absorbent with CaCl2 and then collected by a laboratory-made device; the urinary phthalate metabolites were extracted and cleaned using a solid-phase extraction (SPE) column and analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry / mass spectrometry. To evaluate the method's feasibility, the following factors were investigated: the proportion of CaCl2 to gel absorbent, the urination volume variation and the target compounds' deposition bias in the diaper, the matrix blank of the different diaper brands, the storage stabilities and the recoveries of creatinine and phthalate metabolites in the expressed urine. Mono-methyl phthalate, mono-ethyl phthalate, mono-butyl phthalate, mono-benzyl phthalate, mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate and mono-2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl phthalate were involved. 70-80% of the urine can be expressed from the diaper, and the expressed spiking recoveries and the limit of detection of mono-phthalates ranged from 88.5-115% and 0.21-0.50 ng/ml. The method was applied to measure phthalate metabolites in 65 gel diaper samples from 15 infants, and the pilot data suggests the infants are commonly exposed to phthalates. In summary, the method for monitoring of infant exposure to phthalates is sound and validated, and the potential health effects from the vulnerable infants' exposure to phthalates should be concerned.39th Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars (SRF for ROCS); Hundred Talent Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); CAS/SAFEA International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams [KZCX2-YW-T08

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Section: Blood Flow To Organssupporting

confidence: 87%

Expressing urine from a gel disposable diaper for biomonitoring using phthalates as an example

Liu

Xia

Guo

et al. 2012

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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“…These values are in accordance with those from Schöning and Hartig (1996) using sonography, and the value for the 19 years-old adult is in agreement with that of the ICRP report for the male adult. For the kidney, specific blood flows measured by Doppler duplex sonography were reported to be 410 ± 120 mL/min per 100 g kidney independent of age (n= 62, age 1 to 16 years: Grunert et al 1990). The mean value matches well that of 398 mL/min per 100 g kidney calculated from the ICRP report for male adults.…”

Section: Blood Flow To Organs and Tissuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevated internal exposure of children in simulated acute inhalation of volatile organic compounds: effects of concentration and duration

et al. 2004

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When deriving health based exposure limits in recent years, attention has been drawn to susceptible subpopulations, in particular to children. We investigate the differences in kinetics between children and adults during inhalation of styrene as a typical category 3 volatile organic compound (VOC), i.e. a gas with a high rate of alveolar absorption (due to low reactivity and low water solubility). Internal exposure was simulated using a physiologically based kinetic model over a broad range of airborne concentrations (1 to 1000 ppm) and for an exposure time of up to eight hours according to the scenario in the acute exposure guideline level (AEGL) program. Age-specific anatomical and physiological parameters and compound-specific data were derived from the literature. The calculated concentrations in arterial blood are higher in children than in adults, and are highest in the newborn. For an 8-hour exposure to low concentrations, the calculated arterial concentration in the newborn is higher by a factor of 2.3 than in the adult. This is mainly due to the relatively high ventilation rate and the immature metabolism. With increasing airborne concentration, the ratio of arterial concentrations (newborn/adult) increases to a maximum of 3.8 at 130 ppm in ambient air, and declines with further increments of concentration to a value of 1.7. This is because the metabolism of the newborn becomes non-linear at lower concentrations than in adults. At high concentrations, metabolism is saturated in both age groups. For shorter exposures, the dose-dependency of the concentration ratios (newborn/adult) is less pronounced. This is the first article to show that the intraspecies uncertainty factor may vary with concentration and duration of exposure.

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“…Допплерографические исследования почечного кровотока, по данным разных авторов, показывали противоречивые ре-зультаты в использовании показателей почечной гемодина-мики для различных стадий ДН [9,12,13].…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…По данным литературы, у здоровых детей индексы сопро-тивления на различных уровнях почечной артерии незначи-тельно колеблются в пределах нормальных значений и к 8-10 годам достигают показателей взрослых [9]. Исходя из этого в на-стоящее исследование были включены соответственно дети старше 10 лет, в группу контроля входили дети соответствую-щего возраста.…”

Section: результатыunclassified

Diabetic nephropathy and myocardial lesions in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus

et al. 2009

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Aim. To elucidate the role of diabetic nephropathy in pathogenesis of myo-cardial lesions in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus from the results of dopplerography of intrarenal vessels. Materials and methods. The study involved 39 children with DM1 (mean age 12,5?2,6) divided into 2 groups. Group 1 included 12 patients with subclinical diabetic lesions in the kidneys (hyperfiltration), group 2 and 3 comprised 21 and 6 patients with diabetic neph-ropathy (microalbuminuria 30?300 mg/day or proteinuria respectively). All patients under-went standard examination to evaluate cardiovascular and vegetative nervous function. Analysis of spectrograms obtained by dopplerography of intrarenal vessels included main renal artery (MRA), segmental (SA), interlobe (ILA), arch (AA), and interlobular (ILbA) arteries. Results. The study groups were not significantly different in terms of MRA, SA, AA, and ILA hemodynamics but, unlike healthy controls, showed a nonlinear decreasing gradient in vascular resistance from MRA toward peripheral vessels especially ILA and AA. Left ven-tricular hypertrophy with disturbed diastolic performance documented in 64% of the patients correlated with microalbuminuria (r=0,56, p

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Renal blood flow and flow velocity in children and adolescents: Duplex Doppler evaluation

Cited by 35 publications

References 20 publications

Expressing urine from a gel disposable diaper for biomonitoring using phthalates as an example

Expressing urine from a gel disposable diaper for biomonitoring using phthalates as an example

Elevated internal exposure of children in simulated acute inhalation of volatile organic compounds: effects of concentration and duration

Diabetic nephropathy and myocardial lesions in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus

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