Renal cell cancer and occupational exposure to chemical agents.

Abstract

PARTANEN T, HEIKKILA P, HERNBERG S, KAUPPINEN T, MONETA G, OJAJARVI A. Renal cell cancer and occupational exposure to chemical agents. Scand J Work En viron Health 1991; 17:231-9. A case-referent study of occupational risk indicators of renal cell adenocarcinoma was conducted. Each incident case in Finland in 1977-1978 was matched with two population referents. Lifelongjob histories were collected and translated into indicators of industry, occupation, and occupational exposures. The analyses of 338 sets of cases and referents revealed elevated risks for a history of employment in whitecollar occupations; the printing industry; the chemical industry; the manufacturing of metal products; mail, telephone, and telegraph services; and iron and metalware work. A decreased risk was observed for male farmers. An elevated risk and an exposure-response relationship were found for gasoline exposure. The excess risk was highest at a latency period of approximately 30 years. The findings support the hypothesisthat exposureto some constituent(s) of gasolineincreases the incidenceof renal adenocarcinoma in humans. Suggestions of elevated risks appeared for exposures to inorganic lead, cadmium, and nonchlorinated solvents.

Evaluation of Toxic Metals in Blood and Urine Samples of Chronic Renal Failure Patients, before and after Dialysis

“…Smoking is an important source of Cd exposure: one cigarette contains 1-7 μg of the metal. [41] On average, about 10% of this amount is inhaled during smoking. Cigarette smoking increases the risk of renal carcinoma: for smokers, there is twice the risk for renal carcinoma and about four times the risk for renal pelvis cancer than for non-smokers.…”

Trichloroethylene and cancer: epidemiologic evidence.

“…In addition to several reviews human evidence evidence (13). (115) and Swaen (116) about the design of their study (10), calculate the combined OR among six case-control studies (60)(61)(62)(63)(64)83) McLaughlin and Blot (116) subsequently review the epidemiology of TCE and kidney cancer in seven cohort studies (10,18,19,24,30,31,104) and six case-control studies (57,(60)(61)(62)83,84) In their discussion, they fail to distinguish results either between men and women or incidence and mortality, and argue that none of the cohort studies except "the methodologically questionable" Henschler et al. study (10) The newest data on kidney cancer suggest different interpretations, although Weiss (6) and McLaughlin and Blot (117) caution the reader on the interpretation of these results because the Tier I cohort studies they had available showed, at best, a weak response.…”

“…In all of these studies, there are concerns about selection bias, blinding of investigators or interviewers, and particularly exposure characterization. Some studies use job titles to infer exposure (60,63,67), one compares dry cleaning workers to laundry workers (59), others assess risk to subjects exposed to general classes of solvents (57,63), and still other studies ask about exposure to specific agents or used more sophisticated exposure characterizations ( Elevated odds ratios for kidney cancer are found for four different exposure classifications: degreasing agents (including TCE ) (60,61,66), solvents (61,63,65), the iron/ steel industry (likely including exposure to degreasing agents or solvents) (58,(62)(63)(64)(65), and dry cleaners/laundry workers (60,64,65). A few studies assesses TCE exposure specifically (66,68,84 (66), is hospitalbased using accident victims as controls.…”

Integrating Field Analyses with Laboratory Exposures to Assess Ecosystems Health

“…A population-based case-control study carried out in Finland included men and women aged 20 years or above who were diagnosed in 1977-78 as having renal adenocarcinoma 189.0) registered with the Finnish Cancer Registry (Partanen et al, 1991). Two controls per case were identified at random from the Population Register Centre, and matched by year of birth, gender and vital status.…”

“…Exposure to tar or pitch was related to a large increase in risk for renal-cell carcinoma (odds ratio, 9.29; 95% CI, 1.16-74.20; based on nine exposed cases (three in roofing, three in the construction industry, one laboratory worker, one petrochemical salesman and one prisoner of war) and one control POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS 203 exposed through road paving). A statistically significant trend (p <0.025) of increasing odds ratios was seen with increasing intensity of exposure to burning coal.A population-based case-control study carried out in Finland included men and women aged 20 years or above who were diagnosed in 1977-78 as having renal adenocarcinoma (ICD-7, 189.0) registered with the Finnish Cancer Registry (Partanen et al, 1991). Two controls per case were identified at random from the Population Register Centre, and matched by year of birth, gender and vital status.…”