Background:We evaluated the results of surgical treatment for renal cell carcinoma with tumor thrombi in the inferior vena cava.
Methods:Between March 1984 and July 1996, 25 patients were surgically treated for renal cell carcinoma with extension to the inferior vena cava. Inferior vena caval thrombosis was classified as supradiaphragmatic in 3 patients and infradiaphragmatic in 14 patients. Thrombi were also detected around the renal vein in 8 patients. Twenty-three patients underwent transperitoneal radical nephrectomy, and thrombectomy. One patient with bilateral renal cancer underwent right nephrectomy, left partial nephrectomy, and thrombectomy. The remaining patient underwent nephrectomy and an incomplete thrombectomy due to massive hemorrhage during surgery. In 10 patients with an inferior vena caval diameter of > 40 mm, a partial cardiopulmonary bypass was used during surgery. After removal of tumor thrombi, simple closure of the caval wall was performed in 14 patients, Gore-Tex TM (W.L. Gore 8, Associates, Elkton, MD, USA) patch grafting, in 10 patients, and inferior vena caval replacement with Gore-Tex, in 1 patient.
Results:The 1-, 3-and 5-year cause-specific survival in all patients was (72%, 50%, and 23%), respectively. The mortality rate was (8%). There was no significant difference in cause-specific survival according to tumor thrombi level. However, the cause-specific survival of patients with metastasis to either regional lymph node or distant organs, or both (n = 10), was significantly lower compared to that of patients without metastasis (n = 15); the 3-year cause-specific survival was (17%) and (59%) in the metastasis group and the non-metastatic group, respectively (P= 0.042). )
Conclusien:These results indicate that removal of tumor thrombi in the inferior vena cava is a safe and useful treatment for renal cell carcinoma with no metastasis.Int J Clin Onco11997;2:213-218