Renal-clearable dye-conjugated silver nanoparticles for in vivo plasma biothiol sensing through urinalysis

Ultrasensitive Urinary Diagnosis of Organ Injuries Using Time-Resolved Luminescent Lanthanide Nano-bioprobes

“…In the past decade, urinary sensing of synthetic biomarkers has emerged as a promising disease diagnosis strategy, which may address insensitivity by detecting endogenous biomarkers in blood/urine. , In this kind of diagnosis, nanoprobes are injected into the living body and release the synthetic biomarkers into urine under specific stimuli in an in vivo disease environment. − For example, mass-encoded biomarkers have been exploited for multiplex urinary detection via mass spectrometry. , Intriguingly, urinary PL diagnosis of in vivo diseases (e.g., tumors) has recently been reported based on fluorophore-labeled macromolecules − and nanoparticles. , The past few years have also witnessed the exciting developments of NIR-II PL imaging techniques and urinalysis devices/methods for in vivo disease diagnosis (e.g., tumors and organ injuries). − Notably, the urinary PL diagnosis of synthetic biomarkers offers an alternative convenient diagnosis method and sometimes also circumvents the limited light penetration depth issue during in vivo PL imaging. Despite such advances, urinary PL diagnosis is still in its infancy, and it remains challenging to realize sensitive and specific urinary PL diagnosis of diseases, due to the serious interference of background PL in urine and the lack of suitable synthetic PL biomarkers and activatable nanoprobes.…”

“…27,28 Intriguingly, urinary PL diagnosis of in vivo diseases (e.g., tumors) has recently been reported based on fluorophore-labeled macromolecules 29−31 and nanoparticles. 32,33 The past few years have also witnessed the exciting developments of NIR-II PL imaging techniques and urinalysis devices/methods for in vivo disease diagnosis (e.g., tumors and organ injuries). 34−37 Notably, the urinary PL diagnosis of synthetic biomarkers offers an alternative convenient diagnosis method and sometimes also circumvents the limited light penetration depth issue during in vivo PL imaging.…”