Renal Clearable Organic Nanocarriers for Bioimaging and Drug Delivery

Abstract

Graphical Abstract Renally cleared zwitterionic nanocarriers (H-Dots) are composed of ε-polylysine backbone for charge variations, near-infrared fluorophores for bioimaging, and β-cyclodextrins for potential drug delivery. H-Dots show ideal systemic circulation and rapid distribution and excrete from normal tissue/organ via renal excretion after complete targeting to the tumor site without nonspecific uptake by the immune system.

A Step‐by‐Step Multiple Stimuli‐Responsive Nanoplatform for Enhancing Combined Chemo‐Photodynamic Therapy

“…[1][2][3][4][5] These nanoparticles are commonly injected intravenously, and during cargo delivery, they encounter various biological barriers in vivo, including blood circulation, tumor tissue penetration, cell internalization, and intracellular trafficking. [1][2][3][4][5] These nanoparticles are commonly injected intravenously, and during cargo delivery, they encounter various biological barriers in vivo, including blood circulation, tumor tissue penetration, cell internalization, and intracellular trafficking.…”

Light-responsive nanomedicine for biophotonic imaging and targeted therapy

“…For these reasons, the “Choi Criteria” should be the first and foremost important design considerations for clinically applicable NPs (reviewed in [8]): First, the components of NPs need to be selected from among nontoxic molecules and/or biodegradable components. Natural materials or FDA-approved molecules are good candidates, and organic materials are relatively advantageous over inorganic ones in this context [18]. Second, the surface charge of the NPs should be considered to minimize cellular interactions with normal tissue and thereby avoid nonspecific uptake.…”

“…In 2016, Kang et al suggested that H-Dots would be ideal to target specific disease sites as unbound particles would be rapidly eliminated from background tissues to the bladder [18]. As shown in Fig.…”

“…Among various surface charges, zwitterionic ZW800-CDPLs achieved the fastest plasma clearance and highest volume of distribution values. This property is specially advantageous for bioimaging and nanomedicine due to the increase in SBR and decrease in potential toxicity, which together can accelerate the FDA approval of NPs for human usage [18,79]. …”

Real‐Time Imaging of Brain Tumor for Image‐Guided Surgery

“…[58] For this reason, Choi et al designed zwitterionic near-infrared fluorophores to conjugate with targeting ligands, which show ultralow serum binding, negligible nonspecific tissue background, and rapid elimination from the body through urinary excretion. [54,59–62] …”