Renal‐Clearable Ultrasmall Polypyrrole Nanoparticles with Size‐Regulated Property for Second Near‐Infrared Light‐Mediated Photothermal Therapy

Abstract

The critical issue that hinders the translation of nanomaterials from basic research to clinical trials is their potential toxicity caused by long‐term body retention. It is still a huge challenge to integrate renal‐clearable and theranostic properties into one nanomedicine, especially exploring the nanomaterials with optical absorption in the second near‐infrared light (NIR II) biowindow with deep penetration and less tissue scattering. Here, ultrasmall polypyrrole (PPy, ≈2 nm)‐based theranostic agents via a facile and green one‐step method, which exhibit fluorescence (FL)/photoacoustic (PA)/NIR II multimodal imaging, superior photostability, as well as high photothermal conversion efficiency of 33.35% at 808 nm and 41.97% at 1064 nm is developed. Importantly, these ultrasmall PPy‐PEG nanoparticles (NPs) reveal abundant tumor accumulation and efficient renal clearance. Both in vitro and in vivo studies indicate that ultrasmall PPy‐PEG NPs have excellent photothermal effect under NIR II laser irradiation that can effectively eliminate the tumors with extremely low systemic toxicity.

Engineered gold/black phosphorus nanoplatforms with remodeling tumor microenvironment for sonoactivated catalytic tumor theranostics

“…Redox homeostasis is of great significance to maintain the various normal physiological functions of the organism [ 1 ]. Disturbance in this balance can induce genetic mutations, metabolic abnormalities, and alteration in the microenvironments, thus leading to the occurrence of many diseases, such as cancers [ [2] , [3] , [4] ]. Although moderate levels of ROS in cancer cells have been considered to be associated with the development of cancer, excessive accumulation of intracellular ROS above a threshold can induce cell death by damaging nucleic acids, lipids, proteins, and other cellular constituents.…”

Nanocatalyst‐Mediated Chemodynamic Tumor Therapy

“…[1][2][3] Owing to the rapid development of biology, chemistry, physics, and materials science, various therapeutic agents and strategies are proposed for the treatment of tumor. [4][5][6][7] In particular, nanomaterials have shown great potentials for tumor treatment due to the great potentials in improving therapeutic efficiencies and minimizing side effects, [8,9] which are widely applied in various antitumor modalities, including chemotherapy, [10,11] radiotherapy, [12,13] thermal ablation therapy, [14,15] reactive oxygen species (ROS)-based therapy, [16][17][18][19] and immunotherapy. [20,21] Among these, ROS-based treatments have attracted extensive attention because of the reduced drug resistance and strong oxidative lethality of ROS to cells and even to DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101971 specific subcellular organelles.…”

Hydrogen-Bonding-Induced H-Aggregation of Charge-Transfer Complexes for Ultra-Efficient Second Near-Infrared Region Photothermal Conversion

“…Due to their unique physicochemical properties, functional photothermal (PT) materials, especially organic materials capable of photothermal conversion from near-infrared light especially light within the second nearinfrared region (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm), have attracted significant interest in the areas of energy, medical imaging, and photothermal therapy. [1][2][3][4][5][6] However, inherently low photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE) and photobleaching properties limit their development. [7][8][9][10][11] Fortunately, the photophysical process of organic molecules can be adjusted by changing the spatial arrangement of their microstructures.…”