Renal enlargement in the fetus and newborn with congenital diaphragmatic hernia: A refuted hypothesis

Kidney development in the nitrofen-induced pulmonary hypolasia and congenital diaphragmatic hernia in rats

“…After excluding multiply malformed infants and cases with renal anomalies, they found the kidney weightto-body weight ratio to be significantly lower in CDH cases than in controls. Our present findings in the nitrofen model of CDH are remarkably similar to what Rittler et al [6] found in human autopsies, further supporting the nitrofen model as a good animal model for CDH. We found not only the raw kidney weight to be decreased in both nitrofenexposed groups compared with the control group, but also to be significantly decreased if converted into kidney weightto-body weight ratio.…”

“…However, these authors failed to provide further evidence, and neither pulmonaryderived renotropin nor pulmonary growth factor was ever isolated. Moreover, other investigators later reported no correlation between kidney and lung weight [4][5][6]. Tovar et al [5] studied the kidneys in the nitrofen model of CDH and found them to be slightly smaller in the nitrofenexposed animals compared with controls, although not significant.…”

“…Tovar et al [5] studied the kidneys in the nitrofen model of CDH and found them to be slightly smaller in the nitrofenexposed animals compared with controls, although not significant. Recently, Rittler et al [6] reported an autopsy study performed on numerous CDH cases. They included the same number of nonmalformed controls matched by weight.…”

“…Through autopsy reviews and surgically created animal models of CDH, these investigators demonstrated that kidneys were significantly larger than those of controls [2,3]. These findings were later challenged by other investigators who not only did not find the kidneys to be enlarged, but to be significantly smaller in CDH cases [4][5][6].…”

Altered renin–angiotensin system gene expression causes renal hypoplasia in the rats with nitrofen-induced diaphragmatic hernia

“…When lung growth is inhibited in foetuses with CDH, this substance would be continuously released resulting in kidney hyperplasia. However, this hypothesis has been challenged by other investigators who did not find the kidney to be enlarged either in human autopsy or in teratogenic model of CDH [4,15]. Moreover, we have recently demonstrated that kidneys are hypoplastic in nitrofen-exposed foetuses compared to controls [5].…”