Renal hypoplasia and dysplasia in an American miniature foal

Abstract

Diagnostic imaging, including computed tomography, of a two-month-old foal with renal failure indicated that its right kidney was probably absent and that its left kidney was abnormal in shape. The foal was stabilised and released, but three days later its clinical signs recurred. Postmortem examination revealed renal hypoplasia and dysplasia, the first reported case of this condition in an American miniature horse.

Diagnostic utility of computed tomography imaging in foals: 10 cases (2008–2010)

“…1999), congenital scoliosis (Wong et al . 2006), renal hypoplasia and dysplasia (Gull et al . 2001), ectopic ureters (Milligan and Biller 2007), agenesis of the corpus callosum and hypoplasia cerebellar (Cudd et al .…”

“…Different applications of CT have been previously described in foals such as description of the growth plates of the atlas and axis (Maierl et al 1998), the anatomical reference studies for the temporomandibular joint (Rodríguez et al 2008) and the head (Smallwood et al 2002). Several case reports of malformations detected by CT are also described such as congenital oesophageal stenosis (Clabough et al 1991), congenital branchial apparatus malformation (David et al 2008), choanal atresia (Van Galen et al 2010, congenital malformation of the maxilla (Tudor et al 1999), congenital scoliosis (Wong et al 2006), renal hypoplasia and dysplasia (Gull et al 2001), ectopic ureters (Milligan and Biller 2007), agenesis of the corpus callosum and hypoplasia cerebellar (Cudd et al 1989) and occipito-atlanto-axial malformation (Rosenstein et al 2000). 5: Case 5: a) and b) CT transverse images through the coxofemoral joint.…”

“…Increasing numbers of case reports have been published using CT in foals (Ragle et al 1988;Cudd et al 1989;Clabough et al 1991;Kaneps et al 1995;Colbourne et al 1997;Tudor et al 1999;Van Hoogmoed et al 1999;Rosenstein et al 2000;Gull et al 2001;Kampmann and Stadler 2001;Wion et al 2001;Devine et al 2005;Bauer et al 2006;Janicek et al 2006;Waselau et al 2006;Wong et al 2006;Milligan and Biller 2007;Munsterman et al 2007;Stewart et al 2007;David et al 2008;Paradis 2010;Powell 2010;Rebsamen et al 2010;Roberts et al 2010;Van Galen et al 2010;Trump et al 2010;Morresey et al 2011) although a comprehensive assessment of the diagnostic utility has not previously been made. The purpose of the present study was to assess the diagnostic utility of CT in foals at our referral hospital and to compare it with published case reports.…”

Diseases of the Equine Urinary System

“…1,60 Chronic kidney disease, azotemia, and electrolyte abnormalities are often the consequence of renal dysplasia, whereas concurrent congenital anomalies are frequently encountered complicating clinical manifestations of urinary disease. [61][62][63][64] Congenital polycystic kidney disease (PKD) with no known heritable trait has been reported in horses. 65,66 Grossly, kidneys are often enlarged due to multiple, variably sized fluid-filled cysts throughout the renal parenchyma.…”

Nephrectomy Via Ventral Median Celiotomy in Equids

“…Indications for unilateral nephrectomy in equids include nephrolithiasis; rupture of the renal capsule because of trauma; pyelonephritis; abscesses; neoplasia; verminous nephritis; renal dysplasia; benign uteropelvic polyps; hydronephrosis; ectopic ureter; and idiopathic renal hematuria . Surgical approaches for equine nephrectomy require consideration of age, size, and temperament of the horse, need for exploratory celiotomy, kidney size, available surgical equipment, and surgeon experience …”