Renal impairment in stroke; a retrospective comparison between ischaemic and haemorrhagic variants

Abstract

Background: Cerebrovascular accident (also known as stroke) is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in India. Renal dysfunction may be associated with increased recurrence of stroke and poorer long-term outcomes.
 Aims and Objectives: a) To find the relationship between CKD and occurrence of acute stroke b) To estimate the incidence of AKI in patients admitted with acute ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke.
 Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of renal function in patients admitted in K.V.G. Medical College Hospital with the diagnosis of “Acute stroke.” All patients admitted in Medical Intensive Care Unit (M-ICU) and general wards from 1st November 2018 to 31st March 2020 were included in the study.
 Results: In this study, we included 80 patients who were admitted with the diagnosis of acute stroke. Sixty-four patients (80%) had ischemic stroke and remaining sixteen (20%) had haemorrhagic stroke. Twenty-eight patients (35%) had renal dysfunction. The distribution of different types of renal dysfunction among different types of stroke was statistically insignificant (p value = 0.529). Incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in our study is 25%. 12 patients (15%) were found to have chronic kidney disease (CKD). The prevalence of CKD varies from 20 to 35% in ischemic stroke and 20 to 46% in haemorrhagic stroke.
 Conclusion: Renal dysfunction occurs frequently in patients with stroke. There was a significant proportion of patients with renal dysfunction. However, further prospective cohort studies are needed to find out the effect of renal dysfunction on stroke recovery and mortality.