Renal Micropuncture Techniques

Abstract

The sections in this article are: Animal Subjects Equipment, Tools Dissecting Microscopes Compound Microscopes Pipette Pullers and Grinders Capillary Glass, Micropipettes Syringes, Tubing Micromanipulators Microperfusion Pumps Infusion Pumps Heated Micropuncture Tables Pressure Transducers Specialized Surgical Equipment Scintillation Counters Voltmeters Electrodes Recorders Oil and Wax Blocks Wax Injection Apparatus Timers In Vivo Micropuncture: Functional Assessment of Individual Nephron Segments Anesthesia and Surgery Evaluation of Kidney before Micropuncture Micropipette Placement Identification of Accessible Cortical Tubules and Vessels Identification of Papillary Structures Measurement of Distance to Puncture Site and Length of Perfused Tubule Determination of Filtration and Transport Rates Determination of Blood Constituents Measurement of Capillary and Tubule Pressure Potential Problems Micropuncture in Nonstandard Preparations Microanalytical Techniques Volume Inulin Protein Urea Osmolality Metal Cations Halide Anions Ammonia Carbon Dioxide and Bicarbonate

In vivo characterization of renal iron transport in the anaesthetized rat

“…Site(s) of iron transport were identified by microinjection of 55 FeCl 3 into individual proximal convoluted tubules (PCTs) or distal convoluted tubules (DCTs) using a previously described methodology (Velazquez & Wright, 1992). Briefly, for microinjections into PCTs, calibrated micropipettes (5‐30 nl) were introduced into randomly selected PCTs and solution injected into the flowing stream of tubular fluid.…”

“…Loops of Henle (LH) with surface convolutions were perfused using continuous microperfusion methodology (Velazquez & Wright, 1992). Briefly, loops of Henle were perfused at 20 nl min −1 with one of the following perfusates: a physiological control solution containing 128 mmol l −1 NaCl, 12 mmol l −1 NaHCO 3 , 3.6 mmol l −1 KCl, 1 mmol l −1 MgCl 2 , 0.38 mmol l −1 NaH 2 PO 4 , 1.62 mmol l −1 Na 2 HPO 4 , 0.05 % erioglaucine dye, 12.5 Ci ml −1 [ 14 C]inulin and 7 μmol l −1 55 FeCl 3 at 50 μCi ml −1 and adjusted to pH 6.9 with 95 % O 2 ‐5 % CO 2 .…”