Renal Modulation: The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS)

Natarajan, Aruna; José, Pedro A.

doi:10.1016/b978-1-4160-3163-5.50013-0

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 191 publications

(172 reference statements)

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“…Based on these data, we concluded that as long as hyperglycemia and the consequent increased oxidative stress lead to hepatic cells apoptosis and necrosis, hypertrophy in the diabetic group is occurring as a compensatory mechanism for organ mass loss. Besides that, as the angiotensin generated peptide fragments are also associated with cell growth, cell proliferation, and apoptosis 14,58 , the increased level of Ang II in the liver as well as the prolonged stimulation of the system, are contributing to the abnormal cell growth 59,60 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saccharomyces boulardii modulates oxidative stress and renin angiotensin system attenuating diabetes-induced liver injury in mice

Barssotti

Abreu

Brandão

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) is a chronic disease characterized by hyperglycemia due to a deficiency in endogenous insulin production, resulting from pancreatic beta cell death. Persistent hyperglycemia leads to enhanced oxidative stress and liver injury. Several studies have evaluated the anti-diabetic and protective effects of probiotic strains in animal models. In the present study, we investigated, through histopathological and biochemical analyses, the effects of eight weeks of administration of Saccharomyces boulardii (S. boulardii) yeast on the liver of streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic C57BL/6 mice. Our results demonstrated that S. boulardii attenuates hepatocytes hydropic degeneration and hepatic vessels congestion in STZ-induced diabetic mice. The treatment attenuated the oxidative stress in diabetic mice leading to a reduction of carbonylated protein concentration and increased activity of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, compared to untreated diabetic animals. The results also show the beneficial influence of S. boulardii in regulating the hepatic concentration of renin angiotensin system (RAS) peptides. Therefore, our results demonstrated that S. boulardii administration to STZ-induced diabetic mice reduces oxidative stress and normalizes the concentration of RAS peptides, supporting the hypothesis that this yeast may have a role as a potential adjunctive therapy to attenuate diabetes-induced liver injury.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saccharomyces boulardii modulates oxidative stress and renin angiotensin system attenuating diabetes-induced liver injury in mice

Barssotti

Abreu

Brandão

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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“…Serluca et al demonstrated that vascular flow is required for glomerular assembly in zebrafish, and replacing blood with saline did not significantly impact glomerulogenesis, indicating that shear forces were necessary and sufficient for kidney morphogenesis [ 62 ]. Under homeostatic in vivo conditions, the kidney interprets changes in shear forces to modulate blood volume and pressure by initiating hormonal cascades via the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system [ 63 ]. In organoid models of pathology, such as polycystic kidney disease, fluid shear stress drives cyst development by promoting increased glucose absorption [ 64 ].…”

Section: Principles Of Biophysical Factors In Regulating Organ Develo...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Biophysical Factors in Organ Development: Insights from Current Organoid Models

Wyle,

Lu,

Hepfer

et al. 2024

Bioengineering

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Biophysical factors play a fundamental role in human embryonic development. Traditional in vitro models of organogenesis focused on the biochemical environment and did not consider the effects of mechanical forces on developing tissue. While most human tissue has a Young’s modulus in the low kilopascal range, the standard cell culture substrate, plasma-treated polystyrene, has a Young’s modulus of 3 gigapascals, making it 10,000–100,000 times stiffer than native tissues. Modern in vitro approaches attempt to recapitulate the biophysical niche of native organs and have yielded more clinically relevant models of human tissues. Since Clevers’ conception of intestinal organoids in 2009, the field has expanded rapidly, generating stem-cell derived structures, which are transcriptionally similar to fetal tissues, for nearly every organ system in the human body. For this reason, we conjecture that organoids will make their first clinical impact in fetal regenerative medicine as the structures generated ex vivo will better match native fetal tissues. Moreover, autologously sourced transplanted tissues would be able to grow with the developing embryo in a dynamic, fetal environment. As organoid technologies evolve, the resultant tissues will approach the structure and function of adult human organs and may help bridge the gap between preclinical drug candidates and clinically approved therapeutics. In this review, we discuss roles of tissue stiffness, viscoelasticity, and shear forces in organ formation and disease development, suggesting that these physical parameters should be further integrated into organoid models to improve their physiological relevance and therapeutic applicability. It also points to the mechanotransductive Hippo-YAP/TAZ signaling pathway as a key player in the interplay between extracellular matrix stiffness, cellular mechanics, and biochemical pathways. We conclude by highlighting how frontiers in physics can be applied to biology, for example, how quantum entanglement may be applied to better predict spontaneous DNA mutations. In the future, contemporary physical theories may be leveraged to better understand seemingly stochastic events during organogenesis.

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“…A decrease in sodium chloride delivery to the macula densa. (10) Role of Angiotensin RAAS activation occurs secondary to renal hypoperfusion, b-adrenergic system stimulation, and hyponatremia. This leads to secretion of angiotensin I and II.…”

Section: Secretion Of Reninmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System in the Management of Neonatal Heart Failure

2015

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Jain have disclosed no financial relationships relevant to this article. This article does not contain discussion of an unapproved/ investigative use of a commercial product or device.Educational Gaps 1. Clinicians are uncertain of the potential for treatment of neonatal heart failure by inhibiting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. 2. Further knowledge is required on the use and safety of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in neonates. AbstractHeart failure (HF) is common in the neonatal and pediatric populations. Despite advances in the management of HF, this disease carries significant mortality, morbidity, and socioeconomic burden. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is a therapeutic target in the treatment of HF. In adults, significant advances have been made in the management of HF by targeting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system using angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers, and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists. Only angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors have been used in the pediatric population with HF. In this review, we provide an in-depth update on the pathophysiology of HF and discuss the potential future uses of newer and novel pharmacologic interventions in the management of HF in pediatric patients.Objectives After completing this article, readers should be able to:1. Define heart failure. 2. Understand the physiology of compensated and decompensated heart failure. 3. Understand the key elements of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and its role in heart failure. 4. Know the potential role of the drugs affecting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in the treatment of heart failure.

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Renal Modulation: The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS)

Cited by 3 publications

References 191 publications

Saccharomyces boulardii modulates oxidative stress and renin angiotensin system attenuating diabetes-induced liver injury in mice

Saccharomyces boulardii modulates oxidative stress and renin angiotensin system attenuating diabetes-induced liver injury in mice

The Role of Biophysical Factors in Organ Development: Insights from Current Organoid Models

Role of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System in the Management of Neonatal Heart Failure

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