Renal Resistive Index as A Potential Indicator of Acute Kidney Injury in Horses

Siwińska, Natalia; Żak, Agnieszka; Słowikowska, Malwina; Pasławska, Urszula

doi:10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103662

Cited by 3 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Since this systematic review is considering only horses, the data including donkeys were excluded. Lastly, Siwinska and colleagues [30] obtained the renal RI of 30 healthy horses (proven healthy throughout complete clinical and laboratorial evaluation and urinary tract ultrasonographic examination), 11 horses diagnosed with acute kidney injury (AKI) and 30 horses under risk of developing AKI (10 horses with colic/gastrointestinal diseases; 10 horses on phenylbutazone -2.2 mg/kg twice a day orally for 10 days; 10 horses on gentamicin -6.6 mg/kg intravenously for 5 days). She and her group aimed to determine if animals with AKI would show a higher renal RI, as well as, to measure renal RI in horses at risk for AKI and investigate if potential nephrotoxic agents could impact renal RI.…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Two out of the five eligible studies were published in the 2010s [11,28], two in the 2020s [29,30] and one is dated back in the 1990s [31]. From those, two were carried out in Poland [28,30], two in Italy [11,29] and one in Australia [31].…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This stage was very similar between studies and consisted of clipping or shaving the hair coat over the 14th or 15th to the 17th intercostal space (ICS) and the paralumbar fossa on the right side and over the 15th or 16th to the 17th ICS and the paralumbar fossa on the left side. Siwinska et al [28,30] opted for washing the horses' skin with chlorhexidine and rinsing with alcohol, drying and applying water-soluble coupling gel while Freccero et al [29] chose to use alcohol and coupling gel, similarly Hoffmann et al [31] and Macrì et al [11] applied only ultrasound gel. Concerning the technical information about the ultrasound machine and settings (Table 2.2), the five studies have reported the type of probe and its range of frequency, the sample volume (SV) and the wall filter (WF), except for Macrì et al [11] that did not demonstrate data on the last two and for Hoffmann et al [31] that reported only the WF.…”

Section: Ultrasonographic Examinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Freccero et al [29] have additionally presented information about the pulse repetition frequency (PRF). Siwinska et al [30] used the same ultrasound protocol as Siwinska et al [28].…”

Section: Ultrasonographic Examinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Doppler renal resistivity index in horses: a systematic review

Rosse,

Reis

2024

Preprint

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The renal resistivity index is a tool to evaluate the hemodynamics through arterial resistance. Considering perfusion as one of the first aspects to be affected upon kidney injury, alterations in renal blood flow could be especially important for the early detection of kidney damage. The aim of this systematic review was to retrieve published studies on equine renal resistivity index (RI) in order to develop a standardized method of renal ultrasound examination through a transabdominal approach as well as to evaluate current reference range for renal RI value in horses. An electronic search in Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases was performed in February 2023 using the terms “RI” OR “resistivity index” OR “IP” OR “pulsatility index” AND (kidney OR renal) AND (equine OR horse) in titles, keywords and abstracts. The studies were screened based on inclusion criteria and variables of interest were extracted. To assess the methodological quality, the SYRCLES‘s risk of bias tool was used. From the search, a total of 134 studies were identified and five of them were considered eligible. The selected studies had been conducted in healthy non-sedated horses through transabdominal technique. The upper limit of normality for renal RI was 0.58 ± 0.06 for the right kidney of untrained horses, which is considerably lower than the value of 0.70 currently used for humans, cats and dogs. There were heterogenous outcomes among studies, where two out of the five demonstrated difference between RI value of left and right kidneys and one out of the five showed increased renal RI value in the elderly compared to foals and adult animals. Data of RI in horses is still scarce; a normality standard for renal RI studies in horses would greatly improve comparison and good quality results to allow clinical application.

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Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ultrasonographic Examinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Freccero et al [29] have additionally presented information about the pulse repetition frequency (PRF). Siwinska et al [30] used the same ultrasound protocol as Siwinska et al [28].…”

Section: Ultrasonographic Examinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Doppler renal resistivity index in horses: a systematic review

Rosse,

Reis

2024

Preprint

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“… 13 , 14 Resistivity index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI), calculated from the systolic and diastolic velocity values obtained by the wave spectrum, represent the resistance of the vascular wall to blood flow during organ perfusion. 15 , 16 These indexes have been used in the evaluation of renal perfusion in humans 17 – 19 and dogs, 20 – 22 as well as horses 23 , 24 and cats. 22 , 25 Some studies have evaluated the upper normal limit of renal RI and PI in non-sedated cats.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating feline lower urinary tract disease: Doppler ultrasound of the kidneys

Evangelista

Dornelas

Cintra

et al. 2023

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

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Objectives Ultrasonography is used in the evaluation of urinary disorders, and the resistivity index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) have been successfully used to detect early hemodynamic changes in the course of kidney diseases in humans and dogs. The aim of this study was to investigate RI and PI in cats with feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD). Methods Twenty-nine client-owned cats were selected and divided into a control group (CG; n = 10), a group of animals with obstructive FLUTD (OG; n = 11) and non-obstructive FLUTD (nOG; n = 8). Clinical, laboratory and ultrasound evaluations were performed in all cats. Results RI and PI values for cats in the CG were below the upper limit of normal suggested in other studies, while cats with FLUTD showed significantly higher values in the assessment of RI ( P = 0.027 and P = 0.034, respectively) and PI ( P = 0.044 and P = 0.048, respectively) of the right and left kidneys. Conclusions and relevance Alteration in renal blood flow was observed in cats with lower urinary tract disorders, even in the nOG group. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of renal blood flow changes related to non-obstructive FLUTD.

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Imaging of the Urinary Tract

Cercone

2022

Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice

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Renal Resistive Index as A Potential Indicator of Acute Kidney Injury in Horses

Cited by 3 publications

References 25 publications

Doppler renal resistivity index in horses: a systematic review

Doppler renal resistivity index in horses: a systematic review

Evaluating feline lower urinary tract disease: Doppler ultrasound of the kidneys

Imaging of the Urinary Tract

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