Renal Responses to Bicycle Exercise in Trained Athletes: Influence of Exercise Intensity

Virvidakis, C.E.; Loukas, Alexandra; Mayopoulou-Symvoulidou, D.; Mountokalakis, T.

doi:10.1055/s-2008-1025739

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Calculated values for sCr MDRD, sCr CKD-EPI, and eGFR sCr/CyC significantly decreased over the pre-exercise to 1 h post-exercise time period, which coincides with changes observed in sCr concentrations post-exercise. The results are consistent with previous studies that observed decreases in eGFR when using sCr as the indirect biomarker to assess renal filtration in healthy populations [4,[32][33][34]40,41]. Consequently, the aforementioned research studies noted that the greatest changes in sCr and eGFR are mainly due to the intensity and length of the exercise session that activates a more significant amount of skeletal muscle catabolism [32,36,40].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

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Exploring an Unknown Corner of a Well-Known Topic: HIIE Influence on Renal Health and Filtration in Healthy Individuals Free of Cardiometabolic Diseases

Forsse,

Richardson,

Torres

et al. 2023

Sports

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Aerobic exercise, specifically high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE), and its effects on renal health and filtration (RHF) are not well understood. Several studies support incorporating contemporary biomarkers serum cystatin C (CyC) and urine epidermal growth factor (uEGF) to combat the volatility of serum creatinine (sCr). Using these biomarkers, we examined the acute influences HIIE has on RHF to determine if there is a ceiling effect in healthy populations. The purpose was to determine the influence of an acute bout of HIIE on RHF. Thirty-six participants (n = 22 males; n = 14 females; age 37.6 ± 12.4 years.; BF% 19.2 ± 7.1%; VO2max 41.8 + 7.4 mL/kg/min) completed 30 min of HIIE on a treadmill (80% and 40% of VO2reserve in 3:2 min ratio). Blood and urine samples were obtained under standardized conditions before, 1 h, and 24 h post-exercise. CyC, sCR, uEGF, urine creatinine (uCr), uCr/uEGF ratio, and multiple estimates of glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) and CKD-EPI equations were used. The analysis employed paired sample t-tests and repeated measures ANOVAs. CyC, uEGF, uCr, and uCr/uEGF ratio concentrations were not altered between timepoints. sCr increased 1 h post-exercise (p > 0.002) but not at 24 h post-exercise. eGFR decreased in the MDRD and CKD-EPI equations at 1 h (p > 0.012) with no changes at 24 h post-exercise. CyC and sCr/CyC demonstrated no significant changes. CyC and uEGF are not altered by acute HIIE. The results demonstrate a potential ceiling effect in contemporary and traditional biomarkers of RHF, indicating improvements in RHF may be isolated to populations with reduced kidney function.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Conventional biomarker sCr transiently increased 1 h post-exercise (Figure 2). This finding is similar to the current literature on aerobic exercise and sCr [32][33][34]. However, the mode of exercise is different; thus, a direct comparison between previous studies cannot be fully elucidated.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Exploring an Unknown Corner of a Well-Known Topic: HIIE Influence on Renal Health and Filtration in Healthy Individuals Free of Cardiometabolic Diseases

Forsse,

Richardson,

Torres

et al. 2023

Sports

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“…the climatic and environmental conditions, the athletes physical shape and not least the mode and duration of exercise. Hence, both improved and altered renal functions have been reported for the various sports [3,13,24,27,28]. Particularly the duration of exercise exerts a crucial impact on volume status and renal function due to their tight physiological interdependence [22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Renal Function and Plasma Volume Following Ultramarathon Cycling

Neumayr¹,

Pfister²,

Hoertnagl³

et al. 2005

Int J Sports Med

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In recreational cyclists marathon cycling influences renal function only on a minimal scale. Respective information on extreme ultramarathon cycling in better trained athletes is not available. The objective was to evaluate the renal and haematological effects of ultraendurance cycling in the world's best ultramarathon cyclists. Creatinine (CR), urea, haemoglobin (Hb), haematocrit (Hct) and plasma volume (PV) were investigated in 16 male ultramarathon cyclists during the 1st Race Across the Alps in 2001 (distance: 525 km; cumulative altitude difference: 12,600 m). All renal functional parameters were normal pre-exercise. During the race serum CR, urea and uric acid rose significantly by 33, 97 % and 18 % (p <0.001 respectively) and nearly normalised again on the following day. The decline in calculated CR clearance was 25 %. There was a negative correlation (r=- 0.575, p=0.02) between the rise in serum CR and the athlete's training kilometers. The serum urea/CR ratio rose above 40 in 12 athletes (75 %). Mean fractional sodium excretion and fractional uric acid excretion fell below 0.5 % (p <0.001) and 7 %, indicating reduced renal perfusion. The deflection of the renal functional parameters was temporary and nearly gone after 24 hours of recovery. Hct declined during the race from 0.44 to 0.42, and continued falling on the next day (0.42 --> 0.40; p <0.001). The corresponding rises in calculated PV were + 8 % and + 22 %. The study affirms that in world class cyclists the enormous strains of ultramarathon cycling influence renal function only on a minimal scale. The impact on the PV, however, is pronounced leading to marked haemodilution post-exercise. This very temporary "impairment of renal function" seems to be the physiological response to ultramarathon cycling and may be attenuated to some extent by preceding high-volume training.

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“…Changes in UF and U N~~~ accompanying exercise vary with exercise intensity. For example, increases in UF and UNAex have been observed during low intensity exercise in man (Kachadorian and Johnson 1970;Virvidakis et al 1986;Freund et al 1991) and the horse (McKeever et al 1991) while more intense exercise leads to decreases in UF and UNAex in both species (Kachadorian and Johnson 1970;Poortmans 1984;Zambraski 1990;Freund et al 1991;Schott et al 1991a). Therefore, the tendency for UF to increase during the warm-up in this study was consistent with previous findings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of phenylbutazone and frusemide on urinary excretory responses to high intensity exercise

Schott

Ragle

Bayly

1995

Equine Veterinary Journal

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Summary To determine whether phenylbutazone or frusemide administration exacerbates the urinary excretory responses to high intensity exercise, 6 fully conditioned Thoroughbred mares were subjected to treadmill exercise at =120% of the V̇O2max after 4 treatments: 1) 4.4 mg/kg phenylbutazone i.v. 24 h prior to exercise (B); 2) 1.0 mg/kg frusemide i.v. 4 h prior to exercise (F); 3) 4.4 mg/kg phenylbutazone i.v. 24 h prior to exercise and 1.0 mg/kg frusemide i.v. 4 h prior to exercise (BF) and 4) placebo at both pre‐exercise times (C). Urine was collected for 4.5 h before exercise, during exercise and for 2 h after exercise. Urine flow (UF) and urinary sodium excretion (UNAex) increased and urine osmolality (Uosm) decreased following frusemide administration (F and BF only). UF decreased (B and C only) during exercise and subsequently increased from a pre‐exercise value of 4.3 ± 0.4 (s.e.) ml/min (n=24) to 8.4 ± 4.1, 15.0 ± 3.6, 10.3 ± 4.2 and 9.5 ± 1.6 ml/min between 25 and 40 min following exercise for B, F, BF and C, respectively. This finding was only significant for F. Similarly, UNAex increased from a pre‐exercise value of 0.05 ± 0.02 mEq/min (n=24) to 0.53 ± 0.34, 0.68 ± 0.30, 0.61 ± 0.38 and 0.67 ± 0.25 mEq/min between 25 and 40 min following exercise for B, F, BF and C, respectively. This finding was significant for B and F but not for BF or C. Uosm decreased following exercise in all treatment groups. Considerable within and between treatment variation in the urinary excretory responses to high intensity exercise was observed and precluded finding differences between treatment groups. To investigate this variation further, values for UF and UNAex between 25 and 40 min post exercise (period of greatest post exercise diuresis and natriuresis) were compared with peak plasma lactate concentration. Positive linear correlations were found for UF (r=0.65) and for UNAex (r=0.65). Thus, the magnitude of the diuresis and natriuresis which follows high intensity exercise in horses is related, in part, to work effort, as measured by plasma lactate concentration.

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Renal Responses to Bicycle Exercise in Trained Athletes: Influence of Exercise Intensity

Cited by 18 publications

References 8 publications

Exploring an Unknown Corner of a Well-Known Topic: HIIE Influence on Renal Health and Filtration in Healthy Individuals Free of Cardiometabolic Diseases

Exploring an Unknown Corner of a Well-Known Topic: HIIE Influence on Renal Health and Filtration in Healthy Individuals Free of Cardiometabolic Diseases

Renal Function and Plasma Volume Following Ultramarathon Cycling

Effects of phenylbutazone and frusemide on urinary excretory responses to high intensity exercise

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