Renal Volume Measurements: Accuracy and Repeatability of US Compared with That of MR Imaging

Bakker, Jeannette; Olree, Marco; Kaatee, R. S. J. P.; Ee, de Lange; Kg, Moons; Jj, Beutler; Fj, Beek

doi:10.1148/radiology.211.3.r99jn19623

Cited by 225 publications

(224 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…18 However, previous studies have shown that renal volume calculations obtained by the ellipsoid formula in healthy volunteers resulted in a 25% underestimation of renal volumes compared with those obtained by a voxel count magnetic resonance imagingbased method. 6,7 In this study, the ellipsoid formula resulted in a 15.7% underestimation of renal volumes, which was less than that reported previously. 6,7 A few studies have concluded that renal volume measurements obtained by 3D sonography are accurate and correlate well with reference standard methods.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 78%

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Usefulness of Renal Volume Measurements Obtained by a 3-Dimensional Sonographic Transducer With Matrix Electronic Arrays

Kim

Yang

Lee

et al. 2008

Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine

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Objective. The purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility of 3-dimensional (3D) sonography using a matrix array transducer to measure renal volume. Methods. One hundred consecutive patients with a normal serum creatinine level and kidney appearance on computed tomography (CT) performed within 2 months before sonography were enrolled in this study. Two hundred individual renal volumes were blindly obtained by the ellipsoid formula, the stacked ellipse method, the voxel count method using routine 2-dimensional (2D) sonographic data, 3D sonographic data using a matrix array transducer, and CT data, respectively. The voxel count method was validated as the reference standard by the water displacement method in 10 cadaveric pig kidneys (r = 0.99; P < .001). Renal volumes determined by 2D and 3D sonography were compared with volumes determined by CT. Results. Volumes determined by 2D sonography were significantly lower than those determined by CT (P < .001) but similar to those determined by 3D sonography (P = .78). The percent volume error of 3D sonography (mean ± SD, -2.2% ± 3.7%) was significantly lower than that of 2D sonography (-15.7% ± 11.8%) with CT as the standard (P < .001). The correlation coefficient between 3D sonography and CT (r = 0.98; P < .0001) was better than that between 2D sonography and CT (r = 0.83; P < .0001). In addition, Bland-Altman analysis revealed that the limits of agreement between 3D sonography and CT (-9.7% to 5.1%) were narrower than those between 2D sonography and CT (-45.6% to 9.8%). Conclusions. Three-dimensional sonography with a matrix array transducer can significantly reduce renal volume measurement errors and offers a reliable means of determining renal volumes.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 78%

“…6,7,10,19 In this study, our preliminary study of cadaveric pig kidney volumes measured by the voxel count method with CT data were almost identical to those obtained by the water displacement method. Furthermore, Figure 7.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Usefulness of Renal Volume Measurements Obtained by a 3-Dimensional Sonographic Transducer With Matrix Electronic Arrays

Kim

Yang

Lee

et al. 2008

Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine

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“…Given its poor precision (5), this measurement should be performed several times. Since the poor precision stems mostly from undermeasurement, the maximum length is the value that should be reported.…”

Section: Size and Shapementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Measurement of other dimensions is even more imprecise and is of no utility. The same applies to the estimation of kidney volume, which correlates poorly with more accurate techniques (5). Kidney length in adults should usually be between 10-12 cm but varies with body size and, unfortunately, there are no nomograms for normal kidneys based on large population studies.…”

Section: Size and Shapementioning

confidence: 99%

Renal Relevant Radiology

O’Neill

2014

Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

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Ultrasound is commonly used in nephrology for diagnostic studies of the kidneys and lower urinary tract and to guide percutaneous procedures, such as insertion of hemodialysis catheters and kidney biopsy. Nephrologists must, therefore, have a thorough understanding of renal anatomy and the sonographic appearance of normal kidneys and lower urinary tract, and they must be able to recognize common abnormalities. Proper interpretation requires correlation with the clinical scenario. With the advent of affordable, portable scanners, sonography has become a procedure that can be performed by nephrologists, and both training and certification in renal ultrasonography are available.

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“…A number of investigators have reported reference values for renal length (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12) and, to a lesser extent, renal volume in healthy adults (7,8), as measured by ultrasonography. The ultrasonography method that is used to measure kidney volumes is two-dimensional in nature, is subject to operator dependence, and uses geometric assumptions about the shape of the kidney to estimate kidney volumes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Normal Values for Renal Length and Volume as Measured by Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Cheong

Muthupillai²,

Rubin³

et al. 2007

Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

227

187

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The objective of this magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study was to (1) test the validity of the ellipsoid formula for estimating kidney volume using ex vivo and in vivo models and (2) establish a normal range of values for kidney length and volume in patients with no known history of renal disease. The volumes of five excised porcine kidneys were measured by (1) disc-summation method, (2) ellipsoid formula, and (3) water displacement method. In a retrospective, consecutive group of clinically referred patients (n ‫؍‬ 150; 300 kidneys), individual kidney volume and length were calculated by the disc-summation method and by multiplanar reformation of MRI data, respectively. For comparison, kidney volumes also were calculated using the ellipsoid formula in all patients. Renal volume that was obtained by MRI using the disc-summation method was within 5% of the volume that was determined by the water displacement method, independent of the spatial resolution of the MRI technique used. Data from both the in vivo and the ex vivo models revealed that the ellipsoid formula that commonly is used in ultrasonography underestimates renal volume by 17 to 29% compared with the disc-summation method (P < 0.05). As measured by MRI (mean ؎ SD), kidney lengths were 12.4 ؎ 0.9 cm for men and 11.6 ؎ 1.1 cm for women, and kidney volumes were 202 ؎ 36 ml for men and 154 ؎ 33 ml for women. The results from the ex vivo MRI study show that the kidney volume that was obtained using the disc-summation method is within 5% of the true kidney volume as measured by the water displacement method. The ellipsoid formula consistently and significantly underestimates the true kidney volume. The length and the volume of kidneys that are obtained by MRI in patients with no known history of intrinsic renal disease are greater than the commonly quoted reference values that are obtained by ultrasonography.

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Renal Volume Measurements: Accuracy and Repeatability of US Compared with That of MR Imaging

Abstract: Use of US with the ellipsoid formula is not appropriate for accurate and reproducible calculation of renal volume.

Cited by 225 publications

References 32 publications

Usefulness of Renal Volume Measurements Obtained by a 3-Dimensional Sonographic Transducer With Matrix Electronic Arrays

Usefulness of Renal Volume Measurements Obtained by a 3-Dimensional Sonographic Transducer With Matrix Electronic Arrays

Renal Relevant Radiology

Normal Values for Renal Length and Volume as Measured by Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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