Renalase regulates renal tubular injury in diabetic nephropathy via the p38MAPK signaling pathway

Abstract

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is an important complication of diabetes and the leading cause of end‐stage renal disease globally. Renal tubular damage occurs to varying degrees in the early stages of DN prior to glomerular damage. Renalase (RNLS) is an amine oxidase, which is produced and secreted by the renal tubular epithelial cells. RNLS is reportedly closely related to renal tubular injury in acute and chronic kidney diseases. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the changes in tubular RNLS expression in DN and its correlation with DN‐associated renal tubular injury. Conditional permanent renal tubular epithelial rat‐cell line NRK‐52E was transfected with pcDNA3‐RNLS plasmid or administered recombinant rat RNLS protein and high glucose (HG) dose. A total of 22 adult Sprague‐Dawley rats were randomly divided into the control (CON, n = 10) or diabetic nephrology (DN, n = 12) group. Random blood glucose levels of the rats were measured by sampling of the caudal vein weekly. After 8 weeks, the rat's body weight, 24‐h urinary albumin concentration, and right kidney were evaluated. Our study suggested the decreased expression levels of RNLS in renal tissue and renal tubular epithelial cells in DN rats, accompanied by renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis, apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells, and activation of the p38MAPK signal pathway. Reversing the low RNLS expression can reduce the level of p38MAPK phosphorylation and delay renal tubular injury. Thus, the reduction of renal tubular RNLS expression in DN mediates tubulointerstitial fibrosis and cell apoptosis via the activation of the p38MAPK signal pathway. RNLS plays a key mediating role in DN‐associated tubular injury via p38MAPK, which provides new therapeutic targets and a theoretical basis for early prevention and treatment of DN.