Rendering plant wastewater reclamation by coagulation, sand filtration, and ultrafiltration

Life cycle cost of dilution desalination in off-grid locations: A study of water reuse integrated with seawater desalination technology

“…The UF membrane, as part of the hybrid UF-RO configuration, was chosen from the Squirt-25 water filter polyvinyl difluoride (PVDF), which has an active area of 0.75 m 2 , a pore size of 0.04 μm and dead-end flow. The permeability flux can vary from 20 to 33.3 LMH (Racar et al, 2019). Figure 2 illustrates both the FO-RO and UF-RO's conceptual designs configured for Masig Island for the flow rate of pre-treated wastewater and seawater into the hybrid system.…”

Water reclamation and reuse

“…The combination of O 3 /rGAC and BAC showed higher removal efficiencies of COD, chromophores, color, and toxicity in BDFW, as compared to the O 3 /rGAC only system. Racar et al (2019) assessed a combined coagulation-sand filtration-UF process to treat rendering facility secondary effluent for its reuse in the facility and irrigation. The pretreatment by coagulation and sand filtration reduced fouling by 50%-95%, and the resulting permeate after six UF membranes satisfied the requirement for reuse within the rendering facility and for crops irrigation set by US EPA, EU, and FAO.…”

Physico‐chemical processes

“…Biochar filter with active biofilm had higher removal efficiencies than biochar filter with inactive biofilm, which was attributed to biofilm degradation providing more available adsorption sites. Racar et al (2019) studied reclamation of rendering plant secondary effluent using a pretreatment system (coagulation, sand filtration) and ultrafiltration. The pretreatment system made a great effort in preventing membrane fouling.…”

“…Racar et al (2019) studied reclamation of rendering plant secondary effluent using a pretreatment system (coagulation, sand filtration) and ultrafiltration. The pretreatment system made a great effort in preventing membrane fouling.…”